G.O.P. Senators’ Letter to Iran About Nuclear Deal Angers White House

By PETER BAKERMARCH 9, 2015
WASHINGTON —
The fractious
debate over a possible nuclear deal with Iran escalated on Monday as 47
Republican senators warned Iran about making an agreement with President
Obama, and the White House accused them of undercutting foreign policy.
In a rare direct congressional intervention into diplomatic
negotiations, the Republicans signed an open letter addressed to
“leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran”
declaring that any agreement without legislative approval could be reversed by the next president “with the stroke of a pen.”
The letter appeared aimed at unraveling a framework agreement even as
negotiators grew close to reaching it. Mr. Obama, working with leaders
of five other world powers, argues that the pact would be the best way
to keep Iran from obtaining a nuclear bomb.
But critics from both parties say that such a deal would be a dangerous
charade that would leave Iran with the opportunity to eventually build
weapons that could be used against Israel or other foes.
While the possible agreement has drawn bipartisan criticism, the
letter, signed only by Republicans, underscored the increasingly
party-line flavor of the clash. Just last week, the Republican House
speaker, John A. Boehner, gave Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of
Israel the platform of a joint meeting of Congress to denounce the
developing deal, and Senate Republicans briefly tried to advance
legislation aimed at forcing Mr. Obama to submit it to Congress,
alienating Democratic allies.
The letter came as Secretary of State John Kerry’s office announced
that he would return to Switzerland on Sunday in hopes of completing the
framework agreement before an end-of-March deadline. Under the terms
being discussed, Iran would pare back its nuclear program enough so that
it would be unable to produce enough fuel for a bomb in less than a
year if it tried to break out of the agreement. The pact would last at
least 10 years; in exchange the world powers would lift sanctions.
Whether the Republican letter might undercut Iran’s willingness to
strike a deal was not clear. Iran reacted with scorn. “In our view, this
letter has no legal value and is mostly a propaganda ploy,” Mohammad
Javad Zarif, Iran’s foreign minister, said in a statement. “It is very
interesting that while negotiations are still in progress and while no
agreement has been reached, some political pressure groups are so afraid
even of the prospect of an agreement that they resort to unconventional
methods, unprecedented in diplomatic history.”
A senior American official said the letter probably would not stop an
agreement from being reached, but could make it harder to blame Iran if
the talks fail. “The problem is if there is not an agreement, the
perception of who is at fault is critically important to our ability to
maintain pressure, and this type of thing would likely be used by the
Iranians in that scenario,” said the official, who spoke anonymously to
discuss the negotiations.
The White House and
congressional Democrats expressed outrage, calling the letter an
unprecedented violation of the tradition of leaving politics at the
water’s edge. Republicans said that by styling it as an “open letter,” it was akin to a statement, not an overt intervention in the talks.
“It’s somewhat ironic to see some members of Congress wanting to make common cause with the hard-liners in Iran,” Mr. Obama told reporters. “It’s an unusual coalition.”
Other Democrats were sharper. Josh Earnest, the White House press
secretary, called it “just the latest in an ongoing strategy, a partisan
strategy, to undermine the president’s ability to conduct foreign
policy.” Senator Harry M. Reid of Nevada, the Democratic minority
leader, said the
“Republicans are undermining our commander in chief while empowering the ayatollahs.”
The letter, drafted by Senator Tom Cotton, a freshman from Arkansas,
and signed by all but seven members of the Senate Republican majority,
warned Iran that a deal with Mr. Obama might not stick. “The next
president could revoke such an executive agreement with the stroke of a
pen, and future Congresses could modify the terms of the agreement at
any time,” said the letter, whose existence was reported earlier by
Bloomberg News.
Mr. Cotton said he drafted the letter because Iran’s leaders might
not understand America’s constitutional system. He also said the terms
of the emerging deal were dangerous because they would not be permanent
and would leave Iran with nuclear infrastructure. He noted that four
Republican senators who may run for president signed his letter and
added that he tried without success to get Democrats to sign.
“The only thing unprecedented is an American president negotiating a
nuclear deal with the world’s leading state sponsor of terrorism without
submitting it to Congress,” he said on CNN.
The letter revived an old debate about what role Congress should have in diplomacy.
Jim Wright, the Democratic House speaker during Ronald Reagan’s
presidency, was accused of interfering when he met with opposing leaders
in Nicaragua’s contra war. Three House Democrats went to Iraq in 2002
before President George W. Bush’s invasion to try to head off war. And
Nancy Pelosi, the House Democratic leader, went to Syria in 2007 to meet
with President Bashar al-Assad against the wishes of the Bush
administration, which was trying to isolate him.
An agreement with Iran
would not require immediate congressional action because Mr. Obama has
the power to lift sanctions he imposed under his executive authority and
to suspend others imposed by Congress. But permanently lifting those
imposed by Congress, as Iran has sought, would eventually require a
vote.
Rather than wait,
Republicans, joined by several Democrats, drafted legislation aimed at
forcing Mr. Obama to submit the agreement to Congress. But when
Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the Republican majority leader,
moved to advance that legislation for a vote, Democrats who support it
balked at taking action before the talks with Iran concluded. Mr.
McConnell backed off, but the bill may be revived if a deal is reached.
Among the Republicans who declined to sign Mr. Cotton’s letter was
Senator Bob Corker of Tennessee, the Foreign Relations Committee
chairman, who has been working with Democrats on Iran legislation.
“We’ve got a bipartisan effort that’s underway that has a chance of
being successful, and while I understand all kinds of people want to
weigh in,” he said, he concluded that it would not “be helpful in that
effort for me to be involved in it.”
Some Democrats, like Representative Brad Sherman of California, said
the letter and other moves risked making it a party-line issue, in which
case it would be impossible to muster a two-thirds vote to override a
presidential veto. “The number of Democrats not willing to follow the
president’s lead is reduced when it becomes a personal or political
issue,” he said.