tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-67189423341761593402024-03-27T07:46:20.259-06:00Andrew the ProphetThe prophecy is more than seeing into the future. For the prophecy sees without the element of time. For the prophecy sees things as they were, as they are, and as they always shall be.Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.comBlogger16352125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-39301178760038425012024-03-26T19:49:00.001-06:002024-03-26T19:49:25.959-06:00The Sixth Seal Long Overdue (Revelation 6)<p> </p><p> <a href="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2017/11/a55c4-proxy.jpg" style="color: #287575; font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 19px;"><img class="size-full wp-image-20402" data-attachment-id="20402" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="image-3118" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/image-3118.jpg?w=702" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/image-3118.jpg?w=300" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/image-3118.jpg" data-orig-size="702,395" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=20402" height="360" sizes="(max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/image-3118.jpg?w=1100" srcset="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/image-3118.jpg 702w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/image-3118.jpg?w=150 150w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/image-3118.jpg?w=300 300w" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="640" /></a></p><br /><div class="entry-content" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.875em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">ON THE MAP; Exploring the Fault Where the Next Big One May Be Waiting</a></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The Big One Awaits</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">By MARGO NASH</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Published: March 25, 2001</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Alexander Gates, a geology professor at Rutgers-Newark, is co-author of “The Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes,“ which will be published by Facts on File in July. He has been leading a four-year effort to remap an area known as the Sloatsburg Quadrangle, <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">a 5-by-7-mile tract near Mahwah that crosses into New York State</a>. The Ramapo Fault, which runs through it, <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">was responsible for a big earthquake in 1884, </a>and Dr. Gates warns that a recurrence is overdue. He recently talked about his findings.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Q. What have you found?</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">A. We’re basically looking at a lot more rock, and we’re looking at the fracturing and jointing in the bedrock and putting it on the maps. Any break in the rock is a fracture. If it has movement, then it’s a fault. There are a lot of faults that are offshoots of the <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">Ramapo</a>. Basically when there are faults, it means you had an earthquake that made it. So there was a lot of earthquake activity to produce these features. We are basically not in a period of <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">earthquake activity along the Ramapo Fault</a> now, but we can see that about six or seven times in history, about 250 million years ago, it had major earthquake activity. And because it’s such a fundamental zone of weakness, anytime anything happens, <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">the Ramapo Fault goes</a>.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Q. <span style="font-weight: 700;">Where is the Ramapo Fault?</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"> A. <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">The fault line is in western New Jersey and goes through a good chunk of the state, all the way down to Flemington.</a> It goes right along where they put in the new 287. It continues northeast across the Hudson River right under the Indian Point power plant up into Westchester County. There are a lot of earthquakes rumbling around it every year, but not a big one for a while.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Q. Did you find anything that surprised you?</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">A. I found a lot of faults, splays that <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">offshoot from the Ramapo that go 5 to 10 miles away from the fault.</a> I have looked at the <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">Ramapo Fault </a>in other places too. I have seen splays 5 to 10 miles up into the Hudson Highlands. And you can see them right along the roadsides on 287. There’s been a lot of damage to those rocks, and obviously it was produced by fault activities. All of these faults have earthquake potential.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Q. Describe the 1884 earthquake.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">A. It was in the northern part of the state near the Sloatsburg area. They didn’t have precise ways of describing the location then. There was lots of damage. Chimneys toppled over. But in 1884, it was a farming community, and there were not many people to be injured. Nobody appears to have written an account of the numbers who were injured.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Q. What lessons we can learn from previous earthquakes?</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">A. In 1960, the city of Agadir in Morocco had a 6.2 earthquake that killed 12,000 people, a third of the population, and injured a third more. I think it was because the city was unprepared.There had been an earthquake in the area 200 years before. But people discounted the possibility of a recurrence. Here in New Jersey, we should not make the same mistake. We should not forget that we had a 5.4 earthquake 117 years ago. The recurrence interval for an earthquake of that magnitude is every 50 years, and we are overdue. The Agadir was a 6.2, and a 5.4 to a 6.2 isn’t that big a jump.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Q. What are the dangers of a quake that size?</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">A. When you’re in a flat area in a wooden house it’s obviously not as dangerous, although it could cut off a gas line that could explode. <span style="font-weight: 700;">There’s a real problem with infrastructure that is crumbling, like the bridges with crumbling cement.</span> There’s a real danger we could wind up with our water supplies and electricity cut off if a sizable earthquake goes off. The best thing is to have regular upkeep and keep up new building codes. The new buildings will be O.K. <span style="font-weight: 700;">But there is a sense of complacency.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">MARGO NASH</div></div>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-59412033301577241382024-03-26T07:36:00.003-06:002024-03-26T07:36:42.912-06:00The History Of New York Earthquakes: Before The Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12)<p> </p><br /><strong><img class="size-full wp-image-19756" data-attachment-id="19756" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="image-2946" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/image-2946.jpg?w=1100?w=646" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/image-2946.jpg?w=1100?w=300" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/image-2946.jpg?w=1100" data-orig-size="646,531" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=19756" height="526" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/image-2946.jpg?w=1100" width="640" /></strong><br /><strong><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">Historic Earthquakes</a></strong><br /><strong><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">Near New York City, New York</a></strong><br /><strong>1884 08 10 19:07 UTC</strong><br /><strong>Magnitude 5.5</strong><b>The History Of New York Earthquakes: Before The Sixth Seal (Rev 6:12)</b><br /><strong>Intensity VII</strong><br />USGS.gov<br /><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">This severe earthquake affected an area roughly extending along the Atlantic Coast from southern Maine to central Virginia and westward to Cleveland, Ohio.</a> Chimneys were knocked down and walls were cracked in several States, including Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. Many towns from Hartford, Connecticut, to West Chester,Pennsylvania.<br /><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">Property damage was severe at Amityville and Jamaica, New York, where several chimneys were “overturned” and large cracks formed in walls.</a> Two chimneys were thrown down and bricks were shaken from other chimneys at Stratford (Fairfield County), Conn.; water in the Housatonic River was agitated violently. At Bloomfield, N.J., and Chester, Pa., several chimneys were downed and crockery was broken. Chimneys also were damaged at Mount Vernon, N.Y., and Allentown, Easton, and Philadelphia, Pa. Three shocks occurred, the second of which was most violent. <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">This earthquake also was reported felt in Vermont, Virginia, and Washington, D.C.</a> Several slight aftershocks were reported on August 11.<br /><strong>Teilen mit:</strong><br /><a href="https://theprophecy.blog/2018/03/10/the-history-of-new-york-earthquakes-before-the-sixth-seal-rev-612-28/?share=twitter&nb=1">Twitter</a><a href="https://theprophecy.blog/2018/03/10/the-history-of-new-york-earthquakes-before-the-sixth-seal-rev-612-28/?share=facebook&nb=1">Facebook</a>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-28805515067593874722024-03-25T19:21:00.001-06:002024-03-25T19:21:08.798-06:00Economic Consequences of the Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12)<p> <a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eZZxwI_lH54/Wd7QqhIDgQI/AAAAAAACvws/Q2MsOahKjac1f4cHGqpgojgsYBG9FscmACLcBGAs/s1600/Economic-Collapse-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="280" data-original-width="620" height="288" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eZZxwI_lH54/Wd7QqhIDgQI/AAAAAAACvws/Q2MsOahKjac1f4cHGqpgojgsYBG9FscmACLcBGAs/s640/Economic-Collapse-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></p><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" target="_blank"><b>Scenario Earthquakes for Urban Areas Along the Atlantic Seaboard of the United States</b></a><br /><br />NYCEM.org<br /><br />If today a magnitude 6 earthquake were to occur centered on New York City, what would its effects be? Will the loss be 10 or 100 billion dollars? Will there be 10 or 10,000 fatalities? Will there be 1,000 or 100,000 homeless needing shelter? Can government function, provide assistance, and maintain order?<br />At this time, no satisfactory answers to these questions are available. A few years ago, rudimentary scenario studies were made for Boston and New York with limited scope and uncertain results. For most eastern cities, including Washington D.C., we know even less about the economic, societal and political impacts from significant earthquakes, whatever their rate of occurrence.<br /><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">Why do we know so little about such vital public issues? Because the public has been lulled into believing that seriously damaging quakes are so unlikely in the east that in essence we do not need to consider them.</a> We shall examine the validity of this widely held opinion.<br />Is the public’s earthquake awareness (or lack thereof) controlled by perceived low Seismicity, Seismic Hazard, or Seismic Risk? How do these three seismic features differ from, and relate to each other? In many portions of California, earthquake awareness is refreshed in a major way about once every decade (and in some places even more often) by virtually every person experiencing a damaging event. The occurrence of earthquakes of given magnitudes in time and space, not withstanding their effects, are the manifestations of seismicity. Ground shaking, faulting, landslides or soil liquefaction are the manifestations of seismic hazard. Damage to structures, and loss of life, limb, material assets, business and services are the manifestations of seismic risk. By sheer experience, California’s public understands fairly well these three interconnected manifestations of the earthquake phenomenon. This awareness is reflected in public policy, enforcement of seismic regulations, and preparedness in both the public and private sector. In the eastern U.S., the public and its decision makers generally do not understand them because of inexperience. Judging seismic risk by rates of seismicity alone (which are low in the east but high in the west) has undoubtedly contributed to the public’s tendency to belittle the seismic loss potential for eastern urban regions.<br />Let us compare two hypothetical locations, one in California and one in New York City. Assume the location in California does experience, on average, one M = 6 every 10 years, compared to New York once every 1,000 years. This implies a ratio of rates of seismicity of 100:1. Does that mean the ratio of expected losses (when annualized per year) is also 100:1? Most likely not. That ratio may be closer to 10:1, which seems to imply that taking our clues from seismicity alone may lead to an underestimation of the potential seismic risks in the east. Why should this be so?<br />To check the assertion, let us make a back-of-the-envelope estimate. The expected seismic risk for a given area is defined as the area-integrated product of: seismic hazard (expected shaking level), assets ($ and people), and the assets’ vulnerabilities (that is, their expected fractional loss given a certain hazard – say, shaking level). Thus, if we have a 100 times lower seismicity rate in New York compared to California, which at any given point from a given quake may yield a 2 times higher shaking level in New York compared to California because ground motions in the east are known to differ from those in the west; and if we have a 2 times higher asset density (a modest assumption for Manhattan!), and a 2 times higher vulnerability (again a modest assumption when considering the large stock of unreinforced masonry buildings and aged infrastructure in New York), then our California/New York ratio for annualized loss potential may be on the order of (100/(2x2x2)):1. <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">That implies about a 12:1 risk ratio between the California and New York location, compared to a 100:1 ratio in seismicity rates</a>.<br />From this example it appears that seismic awareness in the east may be more controlled by the rate of seismicity than by the less well understood risk potential. This misunderstanding is one of the reasons why earthquake awareness and preparedness in the densely populated east is so disproportionally low relative to its seismic loss potential. Rare but potentially catastrophic losses in the east compete in attention with more frequent moderate losses in the west. <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">New York City is the paramount example of a low-probability, high-impact seismic risk, the sort of risk that is hard to insure against, or mobilize public action to reduce the risks.</a><br />There are basically two ways to respond. <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">One is to do little and wait until one or more disastrous events occur</a>. Then react to these – albeit disastrous – “windows of opportunity.” That is, pay after the unmitigated facts, rather than attempt to control their outcome. This is a high-stakes approach, considering the evolved state of the economy. The other approach is to invest in mitigation ahead of time, and use scientific knowledge and inference, education, technology transfer, and combine it with a mixture of regulatory and/or economic incentives to implement earthquake preparedness. The National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) has attempted the latter while much of the public tends to cling to the former of the two options. Realistic and reliable quantitative loss estimation techniques are essential to evaluate the relative merits of the two approaches.<br />This paper tries to bring into focus some of the seismological factors which are but one set of variables one needs for quantifying the earthquake loss potential in eastern U.S. urban regions. We use local and global analogs for illustrating possible scenario events in terms of risk. We also highlight some of the few local steps that have been undertaken towards mitigating against the eastern earthquake threat; and discuss priorities for future actions.Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-52376902678837670632024-03-25T12:50:00.001-06:002024-03-25T12:50:08.297-06:00Why We Are In Trouble At The Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12) <p> </p><header class="entry-header" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><h1 class="entry-title" style="clear: both; color: #306363; font-size: 47px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><img class="size-full wp-image-33641" data-attachment-id="33641" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="img_9471" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9471.jpg?w=600" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9471.jpg?w=300" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9471.jpg" data-orig-size="600,282" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=33641" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9471.jpg?w=1100" srcset="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9471.jpg 600w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9471.jpg?w=150 150w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9471.jpg?w=300 300w" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; color: #383838; font-size: 19px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /></h1></header><p><br /></p><div class="entry-content" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.875em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">Why NRC Nuclear Safety Inspections are Necessary: Indian Point</a></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Dave Lochbaum</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">This is the second in a series of commentaries about the vital role nuclear safety inspections conducted by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) play in protecting the public. The initial commentary described how NRC inspectors discovered that limits on the maximum allowable control room air temperature at the Columbia Generating Station in Washington had been improperly relaxed by the plant’s owner. This commentary describes a more recent finding by NRC inspectors about an<a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">improper safety assessment of a leaking cooling water system pipe on Entergy’s Unit 3 reactor at Indian Point outside New York City.</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Indian Point Unit 3: Leak Before Break</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">On February 3, 2017, the NRC issued Indian Point a Green finding for a violation of Appendix B to 10 CFR Part 50. Specifically, the owner failed to perform an adequate operability review per its procedures after workers discovered water leaking from a service water system pipe.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">On April 27, 2016, workers found water leaking from the pipe downstream of the strainer for service water (SW) pump 31. As shown in Figure 1, SW pump 31 is one of six service water pumps located within the intake structure alongside the Hudson River. The six SW pumps are arranged in two sets of three pumps. Figure 1 shows SW pumps 31, 32, and 33 aligned to provide water drawn from the Hudson River to essential (i.e, safety and emergency) components within Unit 3. SW pumps 34, 35, and 36 are aligned to provide cooling water to non-essential equipment within Unit 3.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><img class="size-full wp-image-33639" data-attachment-id="33639" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="image-1" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-1-23.jpg?w=815" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-1-23.jpg?w=239" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-1-23.jpg" data-orig-size="815,1024" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=33639" sizes="(max-width: 815px) 100vw, 815px" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-1-23.jpg?w=1100" srcset="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-1-23.jpg 815w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-1-23.jpg?w=119 119w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-1-23.jpg?w=239 239w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-1-23.jpg?w=768 768w" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Fig. 1 (Source: Nuclear Regulatory Commission Plant Information Book) (click to enlarge)</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Each SW pump is designed to deliver 6,000 gallons of flow. During normal operation, one SW pump can handle the essential loads while two SW pumps are needed for the non-essential loads. Under accident conditions, two SW pumps are needed to cool the essential equipment. The onsite emergency diesel generators can power either of the sets of three pumps, but not both simultaneously. If the set of SW pumps aligned to the essential equipment aren’t getting the job done, workers can open/close valves and electrical breakers to reconfigure the second set of three SW pumps to the essential equipment loops.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Because river water can have stuff in it that could clog some of the coolers for essential equipment, each SW pump has a strainer that attempts to remove as much debris as possible from the water. The leak discovered on April 27, 2016, was in the piping between the discharge check valve for SW pump 31 and its strainer. An arrow points to this piping section in Figure 1. The strainers were installed in openings called pits in the thick concrete floor of the intake structure. Water from the leaking pipe flowed into the pit housing the strainer for SW pump 31.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">The initial leak rate was modest—estimated to be about one-eighth of a gallon per minute.</a> The leak was similar to other pinhole leaks that had occurred in the concrete-lined, carbon steel SW pipes. The owner began daily checks on the leakage and prepared an operability determination. Basically, “operability determinations” are used within the nuclear industry when safety equipment is found to be impaired or degraded. The operability determination for the service water pipe leak concluded that the impairment did not prevent the SW pumps from fulfilling their required safety function. The operability determination relied on a sump pump located at the bottom of the strainer pit transferring the leaking water out of the pit before the water flooded and <a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">submerged safety components.</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The daily checks instituted by the owner included workers recording the leak rate and assessing whether it had significantly increased. But the checks were against the previous day’s leak rate rather than the initial leak rate. By September 18, 2016, the leakage had steadily increased by a factor of 64 to 8 gallons per minute. But the daily incremental increases were small enough that they kept workers from finding the overall increase to be significant.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The daily check on October 15, 2016, found the pump room flooded to a depth of several inches. <a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">The leak rate was now estimated to be 20 gallons per minute</a>. And the floor drain in the strainer pit was clogged (ironic, huh?) impairing the ability of its sump pump to remove the water. Workers placed temporary sump pumps in the room to remove the flood water and cope with the insignificantly higher leak rate. On October 17, workers installed a clamp on the pipe that reduced the leakage to less than one gallon per minute.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The operability determination was revised in response to concerns expressed by the NRC inspectors. The NRC inspectors were not satisfied by the revised operability determination. It continued to rely on the strainer pit sump pump removing the leaking water. But that sump pump was not powered from the emergency diesel generator and thus would not remove water should offsite power become unavailable. Step 5.6.4 of procedure EN-OP-14, “Operability Determination Process,” stated “If the Operability is based on the use or availability of other equipment, it must be verified that the equipment is capable of performing the function utilized in the evaluation.”</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The operability determination explicitly stated that no compensatory measures or operator manual actions were needed to handle the leak, but <a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">the situation clearly required both compensatory measures and operator manual actions.</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The NRC inspectors found additional deficiencies in the revised operability determination. The NRC inspectors calculated that a 20 gallon per minute leak rate coupled with an unavailable strainer pit sump pump would flood the room to a depth of three feet in three hours. There are no flood alarms in the room and the daily checks might not detect flooding until the level rose to three feet. At that level, water would submerge and potentially disable the vacuum breakers for the SW pumps. Proper vacuum breaker operation could be needed to successfully restart the SW pumps.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">The NRC inspectors calculated that the 20 gallon per minute leak rate without remediation would flood the room</a> to the level of the control cabinets for the strainers in 10 hours. The submerged control cabinets could disable the strainers, leading to blocked cooling water flow to essential equipment.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The NRC inspects calculated that the 20 gallon per minute leak rate without remediation would completely fill the room in about 29 hours, or only slightly longer than the daily check interval.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Flooding to depths of 3 feet, 10 feet, and the room’s ceiling affected all six SW pumps. Thus, the flooding represented a common mode threat that could disable the entire service water system. In turn, all safety equipment shown in Figure 2 no longer cooled by the disabled service water system could also be disabled. The NRC estimated that the flooding risk was about 5×10-6 per reactor year, solidly in the Green finding band.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><img class="size-full wp-image-33640" data-attachment-id="33640" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="image-2" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-2-19.jpg?w=1024" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-2-19.jpg?w=300" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-2-19.jpg" data-orig-size="1024,752" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=33640" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-2-19.jpg?w=1100" srcset="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-2-19.jpg 1024w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-2-19.jpg?w=150 150w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-2-19.jpg?w=300 300w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/image-2-19.jpg?w=768 768w" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Fig. 2 (Source: Nuclear Regulatory Commission Plant Information Book) (click to enlarge)</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">UCS Perspective</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">“Leak before break” is a longstanding nuclear safety philosophy. Books have been written about it (well, at least one report has been written and may even have been read.) The NRC’s approval of a leak before break analysis can allow the owner of an existing nuclear power reactor to remove pipe whip restraints and jet impingement barriers. Such hardware guarded against the sudden rupture of a pipe filled with high pressure fluid from damaging safety equipment in the area. The leak before break analyses can provide the NRC with sufficient confidence that piping degradation will be detected by observed leakage with remedial actions taken before the pipe fails catastrophically. More than a decade ago, the NRC issued a Knowledge Management document on the leak before break philosophy and acceptable methods of analyzing, monitoring, and responding to piping degradation.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">This incident at Indian Point illustrated an equally longstanding nuclear safety practice of “leak before break.” In this case, the leak was indeed followed by a break. But the break was not the failure of the piping but failure of the owner to comply with federal safety regulations. Pipe breaks are bad. Regulation breaks are bad. Deciding which is worse is like trying to decide which eye one wants to be poked in. None is far better than either.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">As with the prior Columbia Generating Station case study, this Indian Point case study illustrates the vital role that NRC’s enforcement efforts plays in nuclear safety. Even after NRC inspectors voiced clear concerns about the improperly evaluated service water system pipe leak, Entergy failed to properly evaluate the situation, thus violating federal safety regulations. To be fair to Entergy, the company was probably doing its best, but in recent years, Entergy’s best has been far below nuclear industry average performance levels.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">T<a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">he NRC’s ROP is the public’s best protection against hazards caused by aging nuclear power reactors, shrinking maintenance budgets, emerging sabotage threats, and Entergy.</a>Replacing the NRC’s engineering inspections with self-assessments by Entergy would lessen the effectiveness of that protective shield.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The NRC must continue to protect the public to the best of its ability. Delegating safety checks to owners like Entergy is inconsistent with that important mission.</div></div><p><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 19px;">Support from UCS members make work like this possible. Will you join us? Help UCS advance independent science for a healthy environment and a safer world.</span>he Hudson River. The six SW pumps are arranged in two sets of three pumps. Figure 1 shows SW pumps 31, 32, and 33 aligned to provide water drawn from the Hudson River to essential (i.e, safety and emergency) components within Unit 3. SW pumps 34, 35, and 36 are aligned to provide cooling water to non-essential equipment within Unit 3. Fig. 1 (Source: Nuclear Regulatory Commission Plant Information Book) (click to enlarge) Each SW pump is designed to deliver 6,000 gallons of flow. During normal operation, one SW pump can handle the essential loads while two SW pumps are needed for the non-essential loads. Under accident conditions, two SW pumps are needed to cool the essential equipment. The onsite emergency diesel generators can power either of the sets of three pumps, but not both simultaneously. If the set of SW pumps aligned to the essential equipment aren’t getting the job done, workers can open/close valves and electrical breakers to reconfigure the second set of three SW pumps to the essential equipment loops. Because river water can have stuff in it that could clog some of the coolers for essential equipment, each SW pump has a strainer that attempts to remove as much debris as possible from the water. The leak discovered on April 27, 2016, was in the piping between the discharge check valve for SW pump 31 and its strainer. An arrow points to this piping section in Figure 1. The strainers were installed in openings called pits in the thick concrete floor of the intake structure. Water from the leaking pipe flowed into the pit housing the strainer for SW pump 31. The initial leak rate was modest—estimated to be about one-eighth of a gallon per minute. The leak was similar to other pinhole leaks that had occurred in the concrete-lined, carbon steel SW pipes. The owner began daily checks on the leakage and prepared an operability determination. Basically, “operability determinations” are used within the nuclear industry when safety equipment is found to be impaired or degraded. The operability determination for the service water pipe leak concluded that the impairment did not prevent the SW pumps from fulfilling their required safety function. The operability determination relied on a sump pump located at the bottom of the strainer pit transferring the leaking water out of the pit before the water flooded and submerged safety components. The daily checks instituted by the owner included workers recording the leak rate and assessing whether it had significantly increased. But the checks were against the previous day’s leak rate rather than the initial leak rate. By September 18, 2016, the leakage had steadily increased by a factor of 64 to 8 gallons per minute. But the daily incremental increases were small enough that they kept workers from finding the overall increase to be significant. The daily check on October 15, 2016, found the pump room flooded to a depth of several inches. The leak rate was now estimated to be 20 gallons per minute. And the floor drain in the strainer pit was clogged (ironic, huh?) impairing the ability of its sump pump to remove the water. Workers placed temporary sump pumps in the room to remove the flood water and cope with the insignificantly higher leak rate. On October 17, workers installed a clamp on the pipe that reduced the leakage to less than one gallon per minute. The operability determination was revised in response to concerns expressed by the NRC inspectors. The NRC inspectors were not satisfied by the revised operability determination. It continued to rely on the strainer pit sump pump removing the leaking water. But that sump pump was not powered from the emergency diesel generator and thus would not remove water should offsite power become unavailable. Step 5.6.4 of procedure EN-OP-14, “Operability Determination Process,” stated “If the Operability is based on the use or availability of other equipment, it must be verified that the equipment is capable of performing the function utilized in the evaluation.” The operability determination explicitly stated that no compensatory measures or operator manual actions were needed to handle the leak, but the situation clearly required both compensatory measures and operator manual actions. The NRC inspectors found additional deficiencies in the revised operability determination. The NRC inspectors calculated that a 20 gallon per minute leak rate coupled with an unavailable strainer pit sump pump would flood the room to a depth of three feet in three hours. There are no flood alarms in the room and the daily checks might not detect flooding until the level rose to three feet. At that level, water would submerge and potentially disable the vacuum breakers for the SW pumps. Proper vacuum breaker operation could be needed to successfully restart the SW pumps. The NRC inspectors calculated that the 20 gallon per minute leak rate without remediation would flood the room to the level of the control cabinets for the strainers in 10 hours. The submerged control cabinets could disable the strainers, leading to blocked cooling water flow to essential equipment. The NRC inspects calculated that the 20 gallon per minute leak rate without remediation would completely fill the room in about 29 hours, or only slightly longer than the daily check interval. Flooding to depths of 3 feet, 10 feet, and the room’s ceiling affected all six SW pumps. Thus, the flooding represented a common mode threat that could disable the entire service water system. In turn, all safety equipment shown in Figure 2 no longer cooled by the disabled service water system could also be disabled. The NRC estimated that the flooding risk was about 5×10-6 per reactor year, solidly in the Green finding band. Fig. 2 (Source: Nuclear Regulatory Commission Plant Information Book) (click to enlarge) UCS Perspective “Leak before break” is a longstanding nuclear safety philosophy. Books have been written about it (well, at least one report has been written and may even have been read.) The NRC’s approval of a leak before break analysis can allow the owner of an existing nuclear power reactor to remove pipe whip restraints and jet impingement barriers. Such hardware guarded against the sudden rupture of a pipe filled with high pressure fluid from damaging safety equipment in the area. The leak before break analyses can provide the NRC with sufficient confidence that piping degradation will be detected by observed leakage with remedial actions taken before the pipe fails catastrophically. More than a decade ago, the NRC issued a Knowledge Management document on the leak before break philosophy and acceptable methods of analyzing, monitoring, and responding to piping degradation. This incident at Indian Point illustrated an equally longstanding nuclear safety practice of “leak before break.” In this case, the leak was indeed followed by a break. But the break was not the failure of the piping but failure of the owner to comply with federal safety regulations. Pipe breaks are bad. Regulation breaks are bad. Deciding which is worse is like trying to decide which eye one wants to be poked in. None is far better than either. As with the prior Columbia Generating Station case study, this Indian Point case study illustrates the vital role that NRC’s enforcement efforts plays in nuclear safety. Even after NRC inspectors voiced clear concerns about the improperly evaluated service water system pipe leak, Entergy failed to properly evaluate the situation, thus violating federal safety regulations. To be fair to Entergy, the company was probably doing its best, but in recent years, Entergy’s best has been far below nuclear industry average performance levels. The NRC’s ROP is the public’s best protection against hazards caused by aging nuclear power reactors, shrinking maintenance budgets, emerging sabotage threats, and Entergy.Replacing the NRC’s engineering inspections with self-assessments by Entergy would lessen the effectiveness of that protective shield. The NRC must continue to protect the public to the best of its ability. Delegating safety checks to owners like Entergy is inconsistent with that important mission. Support from UCS members make work like this possible. Will you join us? Help UCS advance independent science for a healthy environment and a safer world.</p>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-80695922956592210152024-03-19T01:06:00.001-06:002024-03-19T01:06:47.820-06:00Here is the Sixth Seal Zone (Revelation 6:12) <p> </p><header class="entry-header" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><h1 class="entry-title" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; clear: both; color: #306363; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 47px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><img class="wp-image-33401" data-attachment-id="33401" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="img_9864" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9864.jpg?w=1024" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9864.jpg?w=300" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9864.jpg" data-orig-size="1200,800" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=33401" height="431" sizes="(max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9864.jpg?w=646&h=431" srcset="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9864.jpg?w=646&h=431 646w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9864.jpg?w=150&h=100 150w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9864.jpg?w=300&h=200 300w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9864.jpg?w=768&h=512 768w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9864.jpg?w=1024&h=683 1024w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/img_9864.jpg 1200w" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="646" /></h1></header><div class="entry-content" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.875em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">Here are the hidden earthquake zones you don’t know about</a></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">April 13, 20204 Min Read</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Let’s get able to (probably) rumble.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">A report this week from the Los Angeles Instances took a have a look at what a devastating earthquake may do to Los Angeles — and the classes to be discovered from the calamitous 6.three magnitude quake in 2011 that every one however flattened Christchurch, New Zealand.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">However whereas People are conscious of the San Andreas fault and the seismic exercise in California, which has wreaked havoc in San Francisco and Los Angeles, there are different, lesser-known fault traces in the United States that fly dangerously underneath the radar. These cracks in the crust have prompted appreciable harm in the previous — and scientists say will achieve this once more.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Virginia Seismic Zone</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Richmond, VirginiaShutterstock</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">In 2011, New Yorkers had been jolted by a 5.eight magnitude earthquake that shook the East Coast</a> from New Hampshire all the approach down by means of Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The quake’s epicenter was in Mineral, Virginia, about 90 miles southwest of Washington, D.C., and was so highly effective that Union Station, the Pentagon and the Capitol Constructing had been all evacuated.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The quake woke lots of people in the northeast as much as the Virginia Seismic Zone (VSZ) under the Mason Dixon — and the consequential results it may have on main cities alongside the East Coast. The final time the VSZ prompted a lot chaos was in 1867 when it launched an earthquake of 5.6-magnitude — the strongest in Virginia’s historical past.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Ramapo Fault Zone</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Shutterstock</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">It’s not simply the Virginia Seismic Zone New Yorkers have to fret about. <a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">Nearer to house is the Ramapo Fault Zone, which stretches from New York by means of New Jersey to Pennsylvania and was most energetic tens of millions of years in the past throughout the formation of the Appalachian Mountains. </a>It’s answerable for a number of of the fault traces that run by means of New York Metropolis, together with one underneath 125th Avenue. In line with a New York Publish report in 2017, “On common, the area has witnessed a reasonable quake (about a 5.zero on the Richter scale) each hundred years. The final one was in 1884. Seismologists say we will anticipate the subsequent one any day now.” Enjoyable occasions!</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The New Madrid Seismic Zone</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">This 150 mile-long sequence of faults stretches underneath 5 states: Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee and Kentucky, and is answerable for 4 of the largest earthquakes in the historical past of the United States, which befell over three months from December 1811 and February 1812. The quakes had been so robust the mighty Mississippi River flowed backward for 3 days. Fortunately, the space was not as populated as it’s now, so the harm was restricted. Nonetheless, a FEMA report launched in 2008 warned {that a} quake now could be catastrophic and end in “the highest financial losses as a consequence of a pure catastrophe in the United States.”</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The Northern Sangre de Cristo Fault</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Downtown Trinidad, Colorado Shutterstock</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">In 2011, a magnitude 5.three quake hit Trinidad, Colorado, one other space that has seen little seismic exercise on such a big scale. In line with the Colorado Division of Homeland Safety and Emergency Administration, The Sangre de Cristo Fault, which lies at the base of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains alongside the japanese fringe of the San Luis Valley, and the Sawatch Fault, which runs alongside the japanese fringe of the Sawatch Vary, are “two of the most distinguished probably energetic faults in Colorado” and that “Seismologists predict that Colorado will once more expertise a magnitude 6.5 earthquake at some unknown level in the future.”</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The Cascadia Subduction Zone</div>One in every of the most probably harmful fault traces lies north of California, stretching between Oregon and Washington. Main cities like Portland, Seattle and Vancouver lie alongside the Cascadia Subduction Zone, which scientists say has the functionality of a 9.zero or 10 magnitude earthquake — 16 occasions extra highly effective than the 1906 quake which ravaged San Francisco. A quake of this magnitude would have devastating penalties on infrastructure and will probably set off large tsunamis. The risk is so nice, the BBC even did a nifty video on the potential MegaQuake risk.</div>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-67162637955540658302024-03-17T03:29:00.001-06:002024-03-17T03:29:08.166-06:00The Trend Leading to the Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12)<p> </p><p><br /></p><header class="entry-header" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><h1 class="entry-title" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; clear: both; color: #306363; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 47px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><img class="wp-image-30306" data-attachment-id="30306" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="img_8583" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=1024" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=300" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg" data-orig-size="1242,840" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=30306" height="396" sizes="(max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=585&h=396" srcset="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=585&h=396 585w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=1170&h=792 1170w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=150&h=101 150w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=300&h=203 300w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=768&h=519 768w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=1024&h=693 1024w" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="585" /></h1></header><br /><div class="entry-content" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.875em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">SMALL EARTHQUAKE SHAKES PARTS OF NEW YORK STATE</a></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">HOPKINS</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">January 14, 2020</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">Are we seeing a trend? After two small earthquakes hit upstate New York on January 3 and January 7, </a>a slightly larger one was felt near the New York-Canadian border early Monday morning. And while the quake actually happened in an entirely different country, the effects were felt far south into New York state, and the surrounding region.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The United States Geological Survey says the 3.3 magnitude quake hit several mikes south of the town of Ormstown, Quebec a little after 5:30 A.M. There are some slightly conflicting reports, as the Montreal Gazette reports that the quake was a 3.6 magnitude. Ormstown is located around 20 minutes north of the New York border.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The Times Union says the quake was felt as far south as the town of Ticonderoga in Essex County, and as far west as the city of Ogdensburg on the New York-Ontario border. The effects were also felt as far north as Montreal.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">No damage was reported.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">Yes, earthquakes do happen in the northeastern U.S</a> and Canada occasionally. In December 2019, a 2.1 tremor was reported near Sodus Point, off the coast of Lake Ontario.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Some strike even closer to home. In April 2017, a 1.3 tremor occurred around two and half miles west of Pawling. In early 2016, an even smaller quake happened near Port Chester and Greenwich, CT. In the summer of 2019, a quake struck off the New Jersey coast.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">The most well known fault line near our area is the Ramapo fault line. The 185 mile system of faults runs through parts of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and has been known to spawn usually small earthquakes.</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">On August 23, 2011, a 5.8 quake, that was centered in Virginia, was felt all the way up the east coast. Several moderate (at least a 5 on the richter scale) <a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">quakes have occurred near New York City in 1737, 1783 and 1884.</a></div>Listen to Middays With Hopkins weekdays from 10AM to 2PM on 101.5 WPDH. Stream us live through the website, Alexa-enabled device, Google Home or the WPDH mobile app.</div>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-8366241936880530822024-03-14T17:48:00.002-06:002024-03-14T17:48:21.927-06:00USGS Evidence Shows Power of the Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12)<p> <i style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 19px;"><a href="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/fa36d-felt-comparisons.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;"><img border="0" height="218" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/fa36d-felt-comparisons.jpg?w=586&h=218" style="border: 0px; height: 380px; max-width: 100%;" width="586" /></a></i></p><br /><div class="entry-content" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.875em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><blockquote style="border-color: rgb(60, 162, 162); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; font-style: italic; margin: 0px 0.875em 1.75em -1.9em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.75em;"><div class="separator"><i><span class="titles-large">New Evidence Shows Power of East Coast Earthquakes</span><br /><span class="subtitle" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 1.75em; margin-top: -5px;">Virginia Earthquake Triggered Landslides at Great Distances</span></i></div></blockquote><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><span class="bold">Released:</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>11/6/2012 8:30:00 AM USGS.gov</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><b>Earthquake shaking in the eastern United States can travel much farther and cause damage over larger areas than previously thought.</b></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">U.S. Geological Survey scientists found that last year’s magnitude 5.8 earthquake in Virginia triggered landslides at distances four times farther—and over an area 20 times larger—than previous research has shown.</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">“We used landslides as an example and direct physical evidence to see how far-reaching shaking from east coast earthquakes could be,”</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>said Randall Jibson, USGS scientist and lead author of this study. “Not every earthquake will trigger landslides, but we can use landslide distributions to estimate characteristics of earthquake energy and how far regional ground shaking could occur.”</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">“Scientists are confirming with empirical data what more than 50 million people in the eastern U.S. experienced firsthand: this was one powerful earthquake,” said USGS Director Marcia McNutt. “Calibrating the distance over which landslides occur may also help us reach back into the geologic record to look for evidence of past history of major earthquakes from the Virginia seismic zone.”</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">This study will help inform earthquake hazard and risk assessments as well as emergency preparedness, whether for landslides or other earthquake effects.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">This study also supports existing research showing that although earthquakes are less frequent in the East, their damaging effects can extend over a much larger area as compared to the western United States.</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The research is being presented today at the Geological Society of America conference, and will be published in the December 2012 issue of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America</i>.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">The USGS found that the farthest landslide from the 2011 Virginia earthquake was 245 km (150 miles) from the epicenter. This is by far the greatest landslide distance recorded from any other earthquake of similar magnitude.</a><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;"> </a>Previous studies of worldwide earthquakes indicated that landslides occurred no farther than 60 km (36 miles) from the epicenter of a magnitude 5.8 earthquake.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">“What makes this new study so unique is that it provides direct observational evidence from the largest earthquake to occur in more than 100 years in the eastern U.S,” said Jibson. “Now that we know more about the power of East Coast earthquakes, equations that predict ground shaking might need to be revised.”</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><b>It is estimated that approximately one-third of the U.S. population could have felt last year’s earthquake in Virginia, more than any earthquake in U.S. history.</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>About 148,000 people reported their ground-shaking experiences caused by the earthquake on the USGS “Did You Feel It?” website. Shaking reports came from southeastern Canada to Florida and as far west as Texas.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">In addition to the great landslide distances recorded, the landslides from the 2011 Virginia earthquake occurred in an area 20 times larger than expected from studies of worldwide earthquakes. Scientists plotted the landslide locations that were farthest out and then calculated the area enclosed by those landslides. The observed landslides from last year’s Virginia earthquake enclose an area of about 33,400 km<span style="bottom: 1ex; font-size: 12.75px; height: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>, while previous studies indicated an expected area of about 1,500 km<span style="bottom: 1ex; font-size: 12.75px; height: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>from an earthquake of similar magnitude.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">“The landslide distances from last year’s Virginia earthquake are remarkable compared to historical landslides across the world and represent the largest distance limit ever recorded,” said Edwin Harp, USGS scientist and co-author of this study. “There are limitations to our research, but the bottom line is that we now have a better understanding of the power of East Coast earthquakes and potential damage scenarios.”</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">The difference between seismic shaking in the East versus the West is due in part to the geologic structure and rock properties that allow seismic waves to travel farther without weakening.</a></div><a href="http://www.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/one-year-anniversary-magnitude-5-8-virginia-earthquake/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">Learn more</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>about the 2011 central Virginia earthquake.</div>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-12495725715132699702024-03-13T15:31:00.000-06:002024-03-13T15:31:57.689-06:00The Sixth Seal by Nostradamus (Revelation 6:12)<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjubXKWj8cOrFwLBBjYQAxv5msB8qii_uXaAN8DkotixC8mU38KoWqDIABk8wDIo5oWBujQoNHGDlbpTVJWH5_w6hIwSLIZAqzmamWb1zACfGqRyTlBvTdjmiKHiUKId7rHelQ4w1AP8FLCTZKfEeNuBwvYDgxIB1Pu2dxfIPAB_UEV0jctvBUFFxDM" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="334" data-original-width="500" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjubXKWj8cOrFwLBBjYQAxv5msB8qii_uXaAN8DkotixC8mU38KoWqDIABk8wDIo5oWBujQoNHGDlbpTVJWH5_w6hIwSLIZAqzmamWb1zACfGqRyTlBvTdjmiKHiUKId7rHelQ4w1AP8FLCTZKfEeNuBwvYDgxIB1Pu2dxfIPAB_UEV0jctvBUFFxDM=w546-h338" width="546" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;"><strong style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; outline: transparent solid 0px;">The Sixth Seal by Nostradamus</strong></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;"><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">To Andrew the Prophet</a><br style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; outline: transparent solid 0px;" />Completed February 5, 2008</div><div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_306" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; cursor: none; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; outline: transparent solid 0px; padding: 0px 10px 10px 0px;"><div class="wp-caption-text" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;">Nostradamus and the New City</div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;">Les Propheties<br style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; outline: transparent solid 0px;" />(Century 1 Quatrain 27)</div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;">Michel de Nostredame Earth-shaking fire from the center of the earth.Will cause the towers around the <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">New City</a> to shake,Two great rocks for a long time will make war, And then Arethusa will color a new river red.(And then areth USA will color a new river red.) Earth-shaking fire from the center of the earth.Will cause the towers around the <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">New City</a> to shake,Two great rocks for a long time will make war</div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;">There is recent scientific evidence from drill core sampling in <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Manhattan</a>, that the southern peninsula is overlapped by several <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">tectonic plates</a>. Drill core sampling has been taken from regions south of Canal Street including the Trade Towers’ site. Of particular concern is that similar core samples have been found across the East River in Brooklyn. There are also multiple <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">fault lines along Manhattan</a> correlating with north-northwest and northwest trending<a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"> neo-tectonic activity.</a> And as recently as January and October of 2001, <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">New York City has sustained earthquakes along these plates. </a>For there are “two great rocks” or tectonic plates that shear across Manhattan in a northwestern pattern. And these plates “for a longtime will make war”, for they have been shearing against one other for millions of years. And on January 3 of 2010, when they makewar with each other one last time, the sixth seal shall be opened, and all will know that the end is near.</div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;"><strong style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; outline: transparent solid 0px;">And then Arethusa will color a new river red.</strong></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;">Arethusa is a Greek mythological figure, a beautiful huntress and afollower of the goddess Artemis. And like Artemis, Arethusa would have nothing to do with me; rather she loved to run and hunt in the forest. But one day after an exhausting hunt, she came to a clear crystal stream and went in it to take a swim. She felt something from beneath her, and frightened she scampered out of the water. A voice came from the water, “Why are you leaving fair maiden?” She ran into the forest to escape, for the voice was from Alpheus, the god of the river. For he had fallen in love with her and became a human to give chase after her. Arethusa in exhaustion called out to Artemis for help, and the goddess hid her by changing her into a spring.But not into an ordinary spring, but an underground channel that traveled under the ocean from Greece to Sicily. But Alpheus being the god of the river, converted back into water and plunged downthe same channel after Arethusa. And thus Arethusa was captured by Artemis, and their waters would mingle together forever. And of great concern is that core samples found in train tunnels beneath the Hudson River are identical to those taken from <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">southern Manhattan</a>. Furthermore, several fault lines from the 2001 earthquakes were discovered in the Queen’s Tunnel Complex, <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">NYC Water Tunnel #3</a>. And a few years ago, a map of<a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"> Manhattan</a> drawn up in 1874 was discovered, showing a maze of underground waterways and lakes. For Manhattan was once a marshland and labyrinth of underground streams. Thus when the sixth seal is broken, the<a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"> subways of the New City </a>shall be flooded be Arethusa:the waters from the underground streams and the waters from the sea. And Arethusa shall be broken into two. And then Arethusa will color a new river red.</div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;"><strong style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; outline: transparent solid 0px;">And then areth USA will color a new river red.</strong></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;">For Arethusa broken into two is areth USA. For areth (αρετη) is the Greek word for values. But the values of the USA are not based on morality, but on materialism and on wealth. Thus when the sixth seal is opened, Wall Street and our economy shall crash and “arethUSA”, the values of our economy shall fall “into the red.” “Then the kings of the earth and the great men and the commanders and the rich and the strong and every slave and free man hid themselves in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains; and they said to the mountains and to the rocks, ‘Fall on us and hide us from the presence of Him who sits on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb; for the great day of their wrath has come, and who is able to stand?’” (<a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Revelation 6:15-17</a>)</div>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-58361541638831346772024-03-12T17:16:00.001-06:002024-03-12T17:16:12.495-06:00The Next Major Quake: The Sixth Seal of NYC<p> </p><header class="entry-header" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><h1 class="entry-title" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; clear: both; color: #306363; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 47px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; font-size: 24px; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="A recent assessment by the USGS determined that the earthquake hazard along the East Coast may previously have been underestimated. The varying risks around the US can be seen above, with New York City in the mid-range (yellow)" class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded slide" height="275" id="i-20ab149a143e1703" src="https://i0.wp.com/i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2017/09/01/20/43CD4E1B00000578-4845210-image-m-28_1504294429365.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: 457px; max-width: 100%;" width="583" /></a></h1></header><div class="entry-content" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.875em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div class="header reader-header" style="margin-top: 0px;"><h3 class="reader-title" style="clear: both; color: #306363; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 0.875em; margin-top: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">New York is overdue an earthquake from faults under city</a></h3></div><div class="content"><div class="moz-reader-content line-height4"><div class="page" id="readability-page-1"><div class="page" id="top"><div id="page-container"><div id="content"><div id="js-article-text"><h4 style="clear: both; color: #306363; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 0.875em; margin-top: 0.875em;">New York is OVERDUE an earthquake from a ‚brittle grid‘ of faults under the city, expert warns</h4><ul style="list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 1.75em 2em; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-top: 0.4375em;"><strong>New York City last experienced a M5 or higher earthquake in 1884, experts say</strong></li><li style="margin-top: 0.4375em;"><strong>It’s thought that these earthquakes occur on a roughly 150-year periodicity </strong></li><li style="margin-top: 0.4375em;"><strong>Based on this, some say the city could be overdue for the next major quake </strong></li></ul><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">By<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/search.html?s=&authornamef=Cheyenne+Macdonald+For+Dailymail.com" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">Cheyenne Macdonald For Dailymail.com</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Published: 15:50 EDT, 1 September 2017 | Updated: 12:00 EDT, 2 September 2017</div><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">When you think of the impending earthquake risk in the United States, it’s likely California or the Pacific Northwest comes to mind.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">But, experts warn a system of faults making up a ‘brittle grid’ beneath<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/new_york/index.html" rel="noopener" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">New York City</a><a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/new_york/index.html" rel="noopener" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"> </a>could also be loading up for a massive temblor.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The city has been hit by major quakes in the past, along what’s thought to be roughly 150-year intervals, and researchers investigating these faults now say the region could be overdue for the next event.</div><div><div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Experts warn a system of faults making up a ‘brittle grid’ beneath New York City could also be loading up for a massive temblor. The city has been hit by major quakes in the past, along what’s thought to be roughly 150-year intervals. A stock image is pictured</div></div><div id="mol-1e869da0-8f4a-11e7-a331-d91679c59fff"><h3 style="clear: both; color: #306363; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 0.875em; margin-top: 0.875em;">THE ‚CONEY ISLAND EARTHQUAKE‘</h3><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">On August 10, 1884, New York was struck by a magnitude 5.5 earthquake with an epicentre located in Brooklyn.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">While there was little damage and few injuries reported, anecdotal accounts of the event reveal the frightening effects of the quake.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">One newspaper even reported that it caused someone to die from fright.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">According to a New York Times report following the quake, massive buildings, including the Post Office swayed back and forth.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">And, police said they felt the Brooklyn Bridge swaying ‘as if struck by a hurricane,’ according to an adaptation of Kathryn Miles’ book Quakeland: On the Road to America’s Next Devastating Earthquake.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The rumbles were felt across a 70,000-square-mile area, causing broken windows and cracked walls as far as Pennsylvania and Connecticut.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The city hasn’t experienced an earthquake this strong since.</div></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">According to geologist Dr Charles Merguerian, who has walked the entirety of Manhattan to assess its seismicity, there are a slew of faults running through New York, reports author Kathryn Miles in an<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/brace-yourselves-new-yorkers-youre-due-for-a-major-quake" rel="nofollow noopener" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">adaptation</a><a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/brace-yourselves-new-yorkers-youre-due-for-a-major-quake" rel="nofollow noopener" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"> </a>of her new book Quakeland: On the Road to America’s Next Devastating Earthquake.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">One such fault passes through 125th street, otherwise known as the Manhattanville Fault.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">While there have been smaller quakes in New York’s recent past, including a magnitude 2.6 that struck in October 2001, it’s been decades since the last major tremor of M 5 or more.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">And, most worryingly, the expert says there’s no way to predict exactly when a quake will strike.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">‘That’s a question you really can’t answer,’ Merguerian has explained in the past.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">‘All we can do is look at the record, and the record is that there was a relatively large earthquake here in the city in 1737, and in 1884, and that periodicity is about 150 year heat cycle.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">‘So you have 1737, 1884, 20- and, we’re getting there. But statistics can lie.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">‘An earthquake could happen any day, or it couldn’t happen for 100 years, and you just don’t know, there’s no way to predict.’</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Compared the other parts of the United States, the risk of an earthquake in New York may not seem as pressing.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">But, experts explain that a quake could happen anywhere.</div><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">According to geologist Dr Charles Merguerian, there are a slew of faults running through NY. One is the Ramapo Fault</div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">‘All states have some potential for damaging earthquake shaking,’ according to the US Geological Survey.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">‘Hazard is especially high along the west coast but also in the intermountain west, and in parts of the central and eastern US.’</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">A recent assessment by the USGS determined that the earthquake hazard along the East Coast may previously have been underestimated.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">‘The eastern U.S. has the potential for larger and more damaging earthquakes than considered in previous maps and assessments,’ the USGS<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://www2.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/new-insight-on-the-nations-earthquake-hazards/?from=title" rel="nofollow noopener" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">report</a><a href="https://www2.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/new-insight-on-the-nations-earthquake-hazards/?from=title" rel="nofollow noopener" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"> </a>explained.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The experts point to a recent example – the magnitude 5.8 earthquake that hit Virginia in 2011, which was among the largest to occur on the east coast in the last century.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">This event suggests the area could be subjected to even larger earthquakes, even raising the risk for Charleston, SC.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">It also indicates that New York City may be at higher risk than once thought.</div><div><div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">A recent assessment by the USGS determined that the earthquake hazard along the East Coast may previously have been underestimated. The varying risks around the US can be seen above, with New York City in the mid-range (yellow).</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-79359035258314375752024-03-11T21:51:00.004-06:002024-03-11T21:51:51.654-06:00Preparing for the Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12) <p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhA_ydR2iIwEaITMcZzpw4GVRfjCTnIstqvtKvhVsa4xADcAXcco2JqZyGEI7TodF-6eqQWXCgiZxkwuL33xfazCZonptwb7yWZC3QzvOdGLIEW6v9O0eEhxzM7NjpLcHh051HToYKKJazGlzrE7Dhc0E1ZPz9KJSDog4-KRV5pzSjn7XFOw0xYeqaR" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="600" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhA_ydR2iIwEaITMcZzpw4GVRfjCTnIstqvtKvhVsa4xADcAXcco2JqZyGEI7TodF-6eqQWXCgiZxkwuL33xfazCZonptwb7yWZC3QzvOdGLIEW6v9O0eEhxzM7NjpLcHh051HToYKKJazGlzrE7Dhc0E1ZPz9KJSDog4-KRV5pzSjn7XFOw0xYeqaR=w559-h374" width="559" /></a></p><strong>Scenario Earthquakes for Urban Areas Along the Atlantic Seaboard of the United States</strong><br />NYCEM<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2283"><br /><div class="wp-caption-text">The Sixth Seal: NY City Destroyed</div><div class="wp-caption-text"><br /></div></div><a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">If today a magnitude 6 earthquake were to occur centered on New York City, what would its effects be?</a> Will the loss be 10 or 100 billion dollars? Will there be 10 or 10,000 fatalities? Will there be 1,000 or 100,000 homeless needing shelter? Can government function, provide assistance, and maintain order?<br /><br />At this time, no satisfactory answers to these questions are available. A few years ago, rudimentary scenario studies were made for Boston and New York with limited scope and uncertain results. For most eastern cities, including Washington D.C., we know even less about the economic, societal and political impacts from significant earthquakes, whatever their rate of occurrence.<br /><br /><a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">Why do we know so little about such vital public issues? Because the public has been lulled into believing that seriously damaging quakes are so unlikely in the east that in essence we do not need to consider them.</a> We shall examine the validity of this widely held opinion.<br /><br />Is the public’s earthquake awareness (or lack thereof) controlled by perceived low <i>Seismicity</i>, <i>Seismic</i> <i>Hazard</i>, or <i>Seismic</i> <i>Risk</i>? How do these three seismic features differ from, and relate to each other? In many portions of California, earthquake awareness is refreshed in a major way about once every decade (and in some places even more often) by virtually every person experiencing a damaging event. The occurrence of earthquakes of given magnitudes in time and space, not withstanding their effects, are the manifestations of <i>seismicity</i>. Ground shaking, faulting, landslides or soil liquefaction are the manifestations of <i>seismic hazard</i>. Damage to structures, and loss of life, limb, material assets, business and services are the manifestations of <i>seismic risk</i>. By sheer experience, California’s public understands fairly well these three interconnected manifestations of the earthquake phenomenon. This awareness is reflected in public policy, enforcement of seismic regulations, and preparedness in both the public and private sector. In the eastern U.S., the public and its decision makers generally do not understand them because of inexperience. Judging seismic risk by rates of seismicity alone (which are low in the east but high in the west) has undoubtedly contributed to the public’s tendency to belittle the seismic loss potential for eastern urban regions.<br /><br />Let us compare two hypothetical locations, one in California and one in New York City. Assume the location in California does experience, on average, one M = 6 every 10 years, compared to New York once every 1,000 years. This implies a ratio of rates of seismicity of 100:1. Does that mean the ratio of expected losses (when annualized per year) is also 100:1? Most likely not. That ratio may be closer to 10:1, which seems to imply that taking our clues from seismicity alone may lead to an underestimation of the potential seismic risks in the east. Why should this be so?<br /><br />To check the assertion, let us make a back-of-the-envelope estimate. The expected seismic risk for a given area is defined as the area-integrated product of: <i>seismic hazard</i> (expected shaking level), <i>assets</i> ($ and people), and the assets’ <i>vulnerabilities</i> (that is, their expected fractional loss given a certain hazard – say, shaking level). Thus, if we have a 100 times lower seismicity rate in New York compared to California, which at any given point from a given quake may yield a 2 times higher shaking level in New York compared to California because ground motions in the east are known to differ from those in the west; and if we have a 2 times higher asset density (a modest assumption for Manhattan!), and a 2 times higher vulnerability (again a modest assumption when considering the large stock of unreinforced masonry buildings and aged infrastructure in New York), then our California/New York ratio for annualized loss potential may be on the order of (100/(2x2x2)):1. That implies about a 12:1 risk ratio between the California and New York location, compared to a 100:1 ratio in seismicity rates.<br /><br />From this example it appears that <i>seismic awareness</i> in the east may be more controlled by the rate of seismicity than by the less well understood risk potential. This misunderstanding is one of the reasons why earthquake awareness and preparedness in the densely populated east is so disproportionally low relative to its seismic loss potential. Rare but potentially catastrophic losses in the east compete in attention with more frequent moderate losses in the west. New York City is the paramount example of a low-probability, high-impact seismic risk, the sort of risk that is hard to insure against, or mobilize public action to reduce the risks.<br /><br />There are basically two ways to respond. One is to do little and wait until one or more disastrous events occur. Then react to these – albeit disastrous – “windows of opportunity.” That is, pay after the unmitigated facts, rather than attempt to control their outcome. This is a high-stakes approach, considering the evolved state of the economy. The other approach is to invest in mitigation ahead of time, and use scientific knowledge and inference, education, technology transfer, and combine it with a mixture of regulatory and/or economic incentives to implement earthquake preparedness. The National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) has attempted the latter while much of the public tends to cling to the former of the two options. Realistic and reliable quantitative loss estimation techniques are essential to evaluate the relative merits of the two approaches.<br /><br /><a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">The current efforts in the eastern U.S., including New York City, to start the enforcement of seismic building codes for new constructions are important first steps in the right direction.</a> Similarly, the emerging efforts to include seismic rehabilitation strategies in the generally needed overhaul of the cities’ aged infrastructures such as bridges, water, sewer, power and transportation is commendable and needs to be pursued with diligence and persistence. But at the current pace of new construction replacing older buildings and lifelines, it will take many decades or a century before a major fraction of the stock of built assets will become seismically more resilient than the current inventory is. <a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">For some time, this leaves society exposed to very high seismic risks.</a> The only consolation is that seismicity on average is low, and, hence with some luck, the earthquakes will not outpace any ongoing efforts to make eastern cities more earthquake resilient gradually. Nevertheless, M = 5 to M = 6 earthquakes at distances of tens of km must be considered a credible risk at almost any time for cities like Boston, New York or Philadelphia. M = 7 events, while possible, are much less likely; and in many respects, even if building codes will have affected the resilience of a future improved building stock, M = 7 events would cause virtually unmanageable situations. Given these bleak prospects, <a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">it will be necessary to focus on crucial elements such as maintaining access to cities by strengthening critical bridges, improving the structural and nonstructural performance of hospitals, and having a nationally supported plan how to assist a devastated region in case of a truly severe earthquake. <strong>No <i>realistic and coordinated</i> planning of this sort exists at this time for most eastern cities.</strong></a><br /><br />The current efforts by the Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) via the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) to provide a standard methodology (RMS, 1994) and planning tools for making systematic, computerized loss estimates for annualized probabilistic calculations as well as for individual scenario events, is commendable. But these new tools provide only a shell with little regional data content. <a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">What is needed are the detailed data bases on inventory of buildings and lifelines with their locally specific seismic fragility properties.</a> <a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">Similar data are needed for hospitals, shelters, firehouses, police stations and other emergency service providers.</a> Moreover, the soil and rock conditions which control the shaking and soil liquefaction properties for any given event, need to be systematically compiled into Geographical Information System (GIS) data bases so they can be combined with the inventory of built assets for quantitative loss and impact estimates. Even under the best of conceivable funding conditions, it will take years before such data bases can be established so they will be sufficiently reliable and detailed to perform realistic and credible loss scenarios. Without such planning tools, society will remain in the dark as to what it may encounter from a future major eastern earthquake. Given these uncertainties, and despite them, both the public and private sector must develop at least some basic concepts for contingency plans. For instance, the New York City financial service industry, from banks to the stock and bond markets and beyond, ought to consider operational contingency planning, first in terms of strengthening their operational facilities, but also for temporary backup operations until operations in the designated facilities can return to some measure of normalcy. The Federal Reserve in its oversight function for this industry needs to take a hard look at this situation.<br /><br />A society, whose economy depends increasingly so crucially on rapid exchange of vast quantities of information must become concerned with strengthening its communication facilities together with the facilities into which the information is channeled. In principle, the availability of satellite communication (especially if self-powered) with direct up and down links, provides here an opportunity that is potentially a great advantage over distributed buried networks. Distributed networks for transportation, power, gas, water, sewer and cabled communication will be expensive to harden (or restore after an event).<br /><br />In all future instances of major capital spending on buildings and urban infrastructures, the incorporation of seismically resilient design principles at all stages of realization will be the most effective way to reduce society’s exposure to high seismic risks. To achieve this, <a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">all levels of government need to utilize legislative and regulatory options; insurance industries need to build economic incentives for seismic safety features into their insurance policy offerings; and the private sector, through trade and professional organizations’ planning efforts, needs to develop a healthy self-protective stand. Also, the insurance industry needs to invest more aggressively into broadly based research activities with the objective to quantify the seismic hazards, the exposed assets and their seismic fragilities much more accurately than currently possible.</a> Only together these combined measures may first help to quantify and then reduce our currently untenably large seismic risk exposures in the virtually unprepared eastern cities. Given the low-probability/high-impact situation in this part of the country, seismic safety planning needs to be woven into both the regular capital spending and daily operational procedures. Without it we must be prepared to see little progress. Unless we succeed to build seismic safety considerations into everyday decision making as a normal procedure of doing business, society will lose the race against the unstoppable forces of nature. While we never can entirely win this race, we can succeed in converting unmitigated catastrophes into manageable disasters, or better, tolerable natural events.Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-13740091216741809202024-03-10T21:10:00.001-06:002024-03-10T21:10:16.206-06:00East Coast Still Unprepared For The Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12)<p> <a href="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2017/10/a5b64-6a00d83453ea5969e20153911f37fe970b-800wi-jpg-67472.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-18916" data-attachment-id="18916" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="image-2708" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/image-2708.jpg?w=1100?w=800" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/image-2708.jpg?w=1100?w=300" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/image-2708.jpg?w=1100" data-orig-size="800,800" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=18916" height="640" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/image-2708.jpg?w=1100" width="640" /></a></p><b>East Coast Earthquake Preparedness</b><br />By By BEN NUCKOLS<br />Posted: 08/25/2011 8:43 am EDT<br /><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">WASHINGTON — There were cracks in the Washington Monument and broken capstones at the National Cathedral. In the District of Columbia suburbs, some people stayed in shelters because of structural concerns at their apartment buildings.</a><br /><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">A day after the East Coast’s strongest earthquake in 67 years, inspectors assessed the damage and found that most problems were minor. But the shaking raised questions about whether this part of the country, with its older architecture and inexperience with seismic activity, is prepared for a truly powerful quake.</a><br />The 5.8 magnitude quake felt from Georgia north to Canada prompted swift inspections of many structures Wednesday, including bridges and nuclear plants. An accurate damage estimate could take weeks, if not longer. And many people will not be covered by insurance.<br />In a small Virginia city near the epicenter, the entire downtown business district was closed. School was canceled for two weeks to give engineers time to check out cracks in several buildings.<br /><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">At the 555-foot Washington Monument, inspectors found several cracks in the pyramidion</a> – the section at the top of the obelisk where it begins narrowing to a point.<br />A 4-foot crack was discovered Tuesday during a visual inspection by helicopter. It cannot be seen from the ground. Late Wednesday, the National Park Service announced that structural engineers had found several additional cracks inside the top of the monument.<br />Carol Johnson, a park service spokeswoman, could not say how many cracks were found but said three or four of them were “significant.” Two structural engineering firms that specialize in assessing earthquake damage were being brought in to conduct a more thorough inspection on Thursday.<br />The monument, by far the tallest structure in the nation’s capital, was to remain closed indefinitely, and Johnson said the additional cracks mean repairs are likely to take longer. It has never been damaged by a natural disaster, including earthquakes in Virginia in 1897 and New York in 1944.<br />Tourists arrived at the monument Wednesday morning only to find out they couldn’t get near it. A temporary fence was erected in a wide circle about 120 feet from the flags that surround its base. Walkways were blocked by metal barriers manned by security guards.<br />“Is it really closed?” a man asked the clerk at the site’s bookstore.<br />“It’s really closed,” said the clerk, Erin Nolan. Advance tickets were available for purchase, but she cautioned against buying them because it’s not clear when the monument will open.<br />“This is pretty much all I’m going to be doing today,” Nolan said.<br />Tuesday’s quake was centered about 40 miles northwest of Richmond, 90 miles south of Washington and 3.7 miles underground. In the nearby town of Mineral, Va., Michael Leman knew his Main Street Plumbing & Electrical Supply business would need – at best – serious and expensive repairs.<br />At worst, it could be condemned. The facade had become detached from the rest of the building, and daylight was visible through a 4- to 6-inch gap that opened between the front wall and ceiling.<br />“We’re definitely going to open back up,” Leman said. “I’ve got people’s jobs to look out for.”<br />Leman said he is insured, but some property owners might not be so lucky.<br />The Insurance Information Institute said earthquakes are not covered under standard U.S. homeowners or business insurance policies, although supplemental coverage is usually available.<br />The institute says coverage for other damage that may result from earthquakes, such as fire and water damage from burst gas or water pipes, is provided by standard homeowners and business insurance policies in most states. Cars and other vehicles with comprehensive insurance would also be protected.<br />The U.S. Geological Survey classified the quake as Alert Level Orange, the second-most serious category on its four-level scale. Earthquakes in that range lead to estimated losses between $100 million and $1 billion.<br />In Culpeper, Va., about 35 miles from the epicenter, walls had buckled at the old sanctuary at St. Stephen’s Episcopal Church, which was constructed in 1821 and drew worshippers including Confederate Gens. Robert E. Lee and J.E.B. Stuart. Heavy stone ornaments atop a pillar at the gate were shaken to the ground. A chimney from the old Culpeper Baptist Church built in 1894 also tumbled down.<br />At the Washington National Cathedral, spokesman Richard Weinberg said the building’s overall structure remains sound and damage was limited to “decorative elements.”<br />Massive stones atop three of the four spires on the building’s central tower broke off, crashing onto the roof. At least one of the spires is teetering badly, and cracks have appeared in some flying buttresses.<br />Repairs were expected to cost millions of dollars – an expense not covered by insurance.<br />“Every single portion of the exterior is carved by hand, so everything broken off is a piece of art,” Weinberg said. “It’s not just the labor, but the artistry of replicating what was once there.”<br />The building will remain closed as a precaution. Services to dedicate the memorial honoring Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. were moved.<br />Other major cities along the East Coast that felt the shaking tried to gauge the risk from another quake.<br />A few hours after briefly evacuating New York City Hall, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said the city’s newer buildings could withstand a more serious earthquake. But, he added, questions remain about the older buildings that are common in a metropolis founded hundreds of years ago.<br />“We think that the design standards of today are sufficient against any eventuality,” he said. But “there are questions always about some very old buildings. … Fortunately those tend to be low buildings, so there’s not great danger.”<br /><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">An earthquake similar to the one in Virginia could do billions of dollars of damage if it were centered in New York, said Barbara Nadel, an architect who specializes in securing buildings against natural disasters and terrorism.</a><br />The city’s 49-page seismic code requires builders to prepare for significant shifting of the earth. High-rises must be built with certain kinds of bracing, and they must be able to safely sway at least somewhat to accommodate for wind and even shaking from the ground, Nadel said.<br />Buildings constructed in Boston in recent decades had to follow stringent codes comparable to anything in California, said Vernon Woodworth, an architect and faculty member at the Boston Architectural College. New construction on older structures also must meet tough standards to withstand severe tremors, he said.<br /><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">It’s a different story with the city’s older buildings. The 18th- and 19th-century structures in Boston’s Back Bay, for instance, were often built on fill, which can liquefy in a strong quake, Woodworth said. </a>Still, there just aren’t many strong quakes in New England.<br />The last time the Boston area saw a quake as powerful as the one that hit Virginia on Tuesday was in 1755, off Cape Ann, to the north. A repeat of that quake would likely cause deaths, Woodworth said. Still, the quakes are so infrequent that it’s difficult to weigh the risks versus the costs of enacting tougher building standards regionally, he said.<br />People in several of the affected states won’t have much time to reflect before confronting another potential emergency. Hurricane Irene is approaching the East Coast and could skirt the Mid-Atlantic region by the weekend and make landfall in New England after that.<br />In North Carolina, officials were inspecting an aging bridge that is a vital evacuation route for people escaping the coastal barrier islands as the storm approaches.<br />Speaking at an earthquake briefing Wednesday, Washington Mayor Vincent Gray inadvertently mixed up his disasters.<br />“Everyone knows, obviously, that we had a hurricane,” he said before realizing his mistake.<br />“Hurricane,” he repeated sheepishly as reporters and staffers burst into laughter. “I’m getting ahead of myself!”<br />___<br />Associated Press writers Sam Hananel in Washington; Alex Dominguez in Baltimore; Bob Lewis in Mineral, Va.; Samantha Gross in New York City; and Jay Lindsay in Boston contributed to this report.Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-29352711974920491112024-03-09T22:01:00.002-07:002024-03-09T22:01:30.951-07:00Preparing for the Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12) <p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhA_ydR2iIwEaITMcZzpw4GVRfjCTnIstqvtKvhVsa4xADcAXcco2JqZyGEI7TodF-6eqQWXCgiZxkwuL33xfazCZonptwb7yWZC3QzvOdGLIEW6v9O0eEhxzM7NjpLcHh051HToYKKJazGlzrE7Dhc0E1ZPz9KJSDog4-KRV5pzSjn7XFOw0xYeqaR" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="600" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhA_ydR2iIwEaITMcZzpw4GVRfjCTnIstqvtKvhVsa4xADcAXcco2JqZyGEI7TodF-6eqQWXCgiZxkwuL33xfazCZonptwb7yWZC3QzvOdGLIEW6v9O0eEhxzM7NjpLcHh051HToYKKJazGlzrE7Dhc0E1ZPz9KJSDog4-KRV5pzSjn7XFOw0xYeqaR=w559-h374" width="559" /></a></p><strong>Scenario Earthquakes for Urban Areas Along the Atlantic Seaboard of the United States</strong><br />NYCEM<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2283"><br /><div class="wp-caption-text">The Sixth Seal: NY City Destroyed</div><div class="wp-caption-text"><br /></div></div><a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">If today a magnitude 6 earthquake were to occur centered on New York City, what would its effects be?</a> Will the loss be 10 or 100 billion dollars? Will there be 10 or 10,000 fatalities? Will there be 1,000 or 100,000 homeless needing shelter? Can government function, provide assistance, and maintain order?<br /><br />At this time, no satisfactory answers to these questions are available. A few years ago, rudimentary scenario studies were made for Boston and New York with limited scope and uncertain results. For most eastern cities, including Washington D.C., we know even less about the economic, societal and political impacts from significant earthquakes, whatever their rate of occurrence.<br /><br /><a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">Why do we know so little about such vital public issues? Because the public has been lulled into believing that seriously damaging quakes are so unlikely in the east that in essence we do not need to consider them.</a> We shall examine the validity of this widely held opinion.<br /><br />Is the public’s earthquake awareness (or lack thereof) controlled by perceived low <i>Seismicity</i>, <i>Seismic</i> <i>Hazard</i>, or <i>Seismic</i> <i>Risk</i>? How do these three seismic features differ from, and relate to each other? In many portions of California, earthquake awareness is refreshed in a major way about once every decade (and in some places even more often) by virtually every person experiencing a damaging event. The occurrence of earthquakes of given magnitudes in time and space, not withstanding their effects, are the manifestations of <i>seismicity</i>. Ground shaking, faulting, landslides or soil liquefaction are the manifestations of <i>seismic hazard</i>. Damage to structures, and loss of life, limb, material assets, business and services are the manifestations of <i>seismic risk</i>. By sheer experience, California’s public understands fairly well these three interconnected manifestations of the earthquake phenomenon. This awareness is reflected in public policy, enforcement of seismic regulations, and preparedness in both the public and private sector. In the eastern U.S., the public and its decision makers generally do not understand them because of inexperience. Judging seismic risk by rates of seismicity alone (which are low in the east but high in the west) has undoubtedly contributed to the public’s tendency to belittle the seismic loss potential for eastern urban regions.<br /><br />Let us compare two hypothetical locations, one in California and one in New York City. Assume the location in California does experience, on average, one M = 6 every 10 years, compared to New York once every 1,000 years. This implies a ratio of rates of seismicity of 100:1. Does that mean the ratio of expected losses (when annualized per year) is also 100:1? Most likely not. That ratio may be closer to 10:1, which seems to imply that taking our clues from seismicity alone may lead to an underestimation of the potential seismic risks in the east. Why should this be so?<br /><br />To check the assertion, let us make a back-of-the-envelope estimate. The expected seismic risk for a given area is defined as the area-integrated product of: <i>seismic hazard</i> (expected shaking level), <i>assets</i> ($ and people), and the assets’ <i>vulnerabilities</i> (that is, their expected fractional loss given a certain hazard – say, shaking level). Thus, if we have a 100 times lower seismicity rate in New York compared to California, which at any given point from a given quake may yield a 2 times higher shaking level in New York compared to California because ground motions in the east are known to differ from those in the west; and if we have a 2 times higher asset density (a modest assumption for Manhattan!), and a 2 times higher vulnerability (again a modest assumption when considering the large stock of unreinforced masonry buildings and aged infrastructure in New York), then our California/New York ratio for annualized loss potential may be on the order of (100/(2x2x2)):1. That implies about a 12:1 risk ratio between the California and New York location, compared to a 100:1 ratio in seismicity rates.<br /><br />From this example it appears that <i>seismic awareness</i> in the east may be more controlled by the rate of seismicity than by the less well understood risk potential. This misunderstanding is one of the reasons why earthquake awareness and preparedness in the densely populated east is so disproportionally low relative to its seismic loss potential. Rare but potentially catastrophic losses in the east compete in attention with more frequent moderate losses in the west. New York City is the paramount example of a low-probability, high-impact seismic risk, the sort of risk that is hard to insure against, or mobilize public action to reduce the risks.<br /><br />There are basically two ways to respond. One is to do little and wait until one or more disastrous events occur. Then react to these – albeit disastrous – “windows of opportunity.” That is, pay after the unmitigated facts, rather than attempt to control their outcome. This is a high-stakes approach, considering the evolved state of the economy. The other approach is to invest in mitigation ahead of time, and use scientific knowledge and inference, education, technology transfer, and combine it with a mixture of regulatory and/or economic incentives to implement earthquake preparedness. The National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) has attempted the latter while much of the public tends to cling to the former of the two options. Realistic and reliable quantitative loss estimation techniques are essential to evaluate the relative merits of the two approaches.<br /><br /><a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">The current efforts in the eastern U.S., including New York City, to start the enforcement of seismic building codes for new constructions are important first steps in the right direction.</a> Similarly, the emerging efforts to include seismic rehabilitation strategies in the generally needed overhaul of the cities’ aged infrastructures such as bridges, water, sewer, power and transportation is commendable and needs to be pursued with diligence and persistence. But at the current pace of new construction replacing older buildings and lifelines, it will take many decades or a century before a major fraction of the stock of built assets will become seismically more resilient than the current inventory is. <a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">For some time, this leaves society exposed to very high seismic risks.</a> The only consolation is that seismicity on average is low, and, hence with some luck, the earthquakes will not outpace any ongoing efforts to make eastern cities more earthquake resilient gradually. Nevertheless, M = 5 to M = 6 earthquakes at distances of tens of km must be considered a credible risk at almost any time for cities like Boston, New York or Philadelphia. M = 7 events, while possible, are much less likely; and in many respects, even if building codes will have affected the resilience of a future improved building stock, M = 7 events would cause virtually unmanageable situations. Given these bleak prospects, <a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">it will be necessary to focus on crucial elements such as maintaining access to cities by strengthening critical bridges, improving the structural and nonstructural performance of hospitals, and having a nationally supported plan how to assist a devastated region in case of a truly severe earthquake. <strong>No <i>realistic and coordinated</i> planning of this sort exists at this time for most eastern cities.</strong></a><br /><br />The current efforts by the Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) via the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) to provide a standard methodology (RMS, 1994) and planning tools for making systematic, computerized loss estimates for annualized probabilistic calculations as well as for individual scenario events, is commendable. But these new tools provide only a shell with little regional data content. <a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">What is needed are the detailed data bases on inventory of buildings and lifelines with their locally specific seismic fragility properties.</a> <a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">Similar data are needed for hospitals, shelters, firehouses, police stations and other emergency service providers.</a> Moreover, the soil and rock conditions which control the shaking and soil liquefaction properties for any given event, need to be systematically compiled into Geographical Information System (GIS) data bases so they can be combined with the inventory of built assets for quantitative loss and impact estimates. Even under the best of conceivable funding conditions, it will take years before such data bases can be established so they will be sufficiently reliable and detailed to perform realistic and credible loss scenarios. Without such planning tools, society will remain in the dark as to what it may encounter from a future major eastern earthquake. Given these uncertainties, and despite them, both the public and private sector must develop at least some basic concepts for contingency plans. For instance, the New York City financial service industry, from banks to the stock and bond markets and beyond, ought to consider operational contingency planning, first in terms of strengthening their operational facilities, but also for temporary backup operations until operations in the designated facilities can return to some measure of normalcy. The Federal Reserve in its oversight function for this industry needs to take a hard look at this situation.<br /><br />A society, whose economy depends increasingly so crucially on rapid exchange of vast quantities of information must become concerned with strengthening its communication facilities together with the facilities into which the information is channeled. In principle, the availability of satellite communication (especially if self-powered) with direct up and down links, provides here an opportunity that is potentially a great advantage over distributed buried networks. Distributed networks for transportation, power, gas, water, sewer and cabled communication will be expensive to harden (or restore after an event).<br /><br />In all future instances of major capital spending on buildings and urban infrastructures, the incorporation of seismically resilient design principles at all stages of realization will be the most effective way to reduce society’s exposure to high seismic risks. To achieve this, <a data-mce-href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com" href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">all levels of government need to utilize legislative and regulatory options; insurance industries need to build economic incentives for seismic safety features into their insurance policy offerings; and the private sector, through trade and professional organizations’ planning efforts, needs to develop a healthy self-protective stand. Also, the insurance industry needs to invest more aggressively into broadly based research activities with the objective to quantify the seismic hazards, the exposed assets and their seismic fragilities much more accurately than currently possible.</a> Only together these combined measures may first help to quantify and then reduce our currently untenably large seismic risk exposures in the virtually unprepared eastern cities. Given the low-probability/high-impact situation in this part of the country, seismic safety planning needs to be woven into both the regular capital spending and daily operational procedures. Without it we must be prepared to see little progress. Unless we succeed to build seismic safety considerations into everyday decision making as a normal procedure of doing business, society will lose the race against the unstoppable forces of nature. While we never can entirely win this race, we can succeed in converting unmitigated catastrophes into manageable disasters, or better, tolerable natural events.Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-1198274983004321152024-03-08T20:59:00.004-07:002024-03-08T20:59:39.625-07:00The History of Earthquakes In New York Before the Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12) <p> <img class="wp-image-38190" data-attachment-id="38190" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="img_2116" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/img_2116.jpg?w=807" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/img_2116.jpg?w=300" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/img_2116.jpg" data-orig-size="807,624" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=38190" height="554" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 717px) 100vw, 717px" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/img_2116.jpg?w=717&h=554" srcset="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/img_2116.jpg?w=717&h=554 717w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/img_2116.jpg?w=150&h=116 150w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/img_2116.jpg?w=300&h=232 300w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/img_2116.jpg?w=768&h=594 768w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/img_2116.jpg 807w" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 700; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="717" /><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/?redirect=false&utm_source=MobileSite&utm_medium=MobileSite&utm_campaign=MobileSite" style="color: #287575; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 700; text-decoration-line: none;">The History of Earthquakes In New York</a></p><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;">By Meteorologist Michael Gouldrick New York State PUBLISHED 6:30 AM ET Sep. 09, 2020 PUBLISHED 6:30 AM EDT Sep. 09, 2020</div><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;">New York State has a long history of earthquakes. Since the early to mid 1700s <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/?redirect=false&utm_source=MobileSite&utm_medium=MobileSite&utm_campaign=MobileSite" style="color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">there have been over 550 recorded </a>earthquakes that have been centered within the state’s boundary. New York has also been shaken by strong earthquakes that occurred in southeast CaThe History of Earthquakes In New York Before the Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12) nada and the Mid-Atlantic states.</div><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Courtesy of Northeast States Emergency Consortium</div><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/?redirect=false&utm_source=MobileSite&utm_medium=MobileSite&utm_campaign=MobileSite" style="color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">The largest earthquake that occurred within New York’s borders happened on September 5th, 1944. It was a magnitude 5.9 and did major damage in the town of Massena.</a></div><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;">A school gymnasium suffered major damage, some 90% of chimneys toppled over and house foundations were cracked. Windows broke and plumbing was damaged. This earthquake was felt from Maine to Michigan to Maryland.</div><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Another strong quake occurred near Attica on August 12th, 1929. Chimneys took the biggest hit, foundations were also cracked and store shelves toppled their goods.</div><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;">In more recent memory some of the strongest quakes occurred <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/?redirect=false&utm_source=MobileSite&utm_medium=MobileSite&utm_campaign=MobileSite" style="color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">On April 20th, 2002 when a 5.0 rattled the state and was centered on Au Sable Forks area near Plattsburg, NY.</a></div><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Strong earthquakes outside of New York’s boundary have also shaken the state. On February 5th, 1663 near Charlevoix, Quebec, an estimated magnitude of 7.5 occurred. A 6.2 tremor was reported in Western Quebec on November 1st in 1935. A 6.2 earthquake occurred in the same area on March 1st 1925. Many in the state also reported shaking on August 23rd, 2011 from a 5.9 earthquake near Mineral, Virginia.</div><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><img class="size-full wp-image-38187" data-attachment-id="38187" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="image-111" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-111-12.jpg?w=1024" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-111-12.jpg?w=300" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-111-12.jpg" data-orig-size="1073,878" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=38187" sizes="(max-width: 1073px) 100vw, 1073px" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-111-12.jpg?w=1100" srcset="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-111-12.jpg 1073w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-111-12.jpg?w=150 150w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-111-12.jpg?w=300 300w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-111-12.jpg?w=768 768w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-111-12.jpg?w=1024 1024w" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /></div><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Earthquakes in the northeast U.S. and southeast Canada are not as intense as those found in other parts of the world but can be felt over a much larger area. The reason for this is the makeup of the ground. In our part of the world, the ground is like a jigsaw puzzle that has been put together. If one piece shakes, the whole puzzle shakes.</div><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;">In the Western U.S., <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/?redirect=false&utm_source=MobileSite&utm_medium=MobileSite&utm_campaign=MobileSite" style="color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">the ground is more like a puzzle that hasn’t been fully put together yet</a>. One piece can shake violently, but only the the pieces next to it are affected while the rest of the puzzle doesn’t move.</div><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;">In Rochester, New York, the most recent earthquake was reported on March 29th, 2020. It was a 2.6 magnitude shake centered under Lake Ontario. While most did not feel it, there were 54 reports of the ground shaking.</div><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;">So next time you are wondering why the dishes rattled, or you thought you felt the ground move, it certainly could have been an earthquake in New York.</div><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Here is a website from the USGS (United Sates Geologic Society) of current earthquakes greater than 2.5 during the past day around the world. As you can see, the Earth is a geologically active planet!</div><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Another great website of earthquakes that have occurred locally can be found here.</div><div style="color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.875em;">To learn more about the science behind earthquakes, check out this website from the USGS.</div><img class="size-full wp-image-38188" data-attachment-id="38188" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="image-112" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-112-10.jpg?w=946" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-112-10.jpg?w=300" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-112-10.jpg" data-orig-size="946,662" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=38188" sizes="(max-width: 946px) 100vw, 946px" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-112-10.jpg?w=1100" srcset="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-112-10.jpg 946w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-112-10.jpg?w=150 150w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-112-10.jpg?w=300 300w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/image-112-10.jpg?w=768 768w" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" />Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-17381718919304910402024-03-07T20:00:00.003-07:002024-03-07T20:00:00.327-07:00The Year of the Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12)<p> <b><img alt="15073790937_a2b5f1e61f_b" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-8133" height="480" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2017/11/15073790937_a2b5f1e61f_b.jpg" width="640" /><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">Sloshing of Earth’s core may spike major earthquakes</a></b></p>By Paul VoosenOct. 30, 2017 , 1:45 PM<br />The number of major earthquakes, like the magnitude-7 one that devastated Haiti in 2010, seems to be correlated with minute fluctuations in day length.<br />SEATTLE—The world doesn’t stop spinning. But every so often, it slows down. For decades, scientists have charted tiny fluctuations in the length of Earth’s day: Gain a millisecond here, lose a millisecond there. Last week at the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America here, two geophysicists argued that these minute changes could be enough to influence the timing of major earthquakes—and potentially help forecast them.<br /><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">During the past 100 years, Earth’s slowdowns have correlated surprisingly well with periods with a global increase in magnitude-7 and larger earthquakes,</a> according to Roger Bilham of the University of Colorado (CU) in Boulder and Rebecca Bendick at the University of Montana in Missoula. Usefully, the spike, which adds two to five more quakes than typical, happens well after the slow-down begins. “The Earth offers us a 5-years heads up on future earthquakes, which is remarkable,” says Bilham, who presented the work.<br />Most seismologists agree that earthquake prediction is a minefield. And so far, Bilham and Bendick have only fuzzy, hard-to-test ideas about what might cause the pattern they found. But the finding is too provocative to ignore, other researchers say. “The correlation they’ve found is remarkable, and deserves investigation,” says Peter Molnar, a geologist also at CU.<br />The research started as a search for synchrony in earthquake timing. Individual oscillators, be they fireflies, heart muscles, or metronomes, can end up vibrating in synchrony as a result of some kind of cross-talk—or some common influence. To Bendick, it didn’t seem a far jump to consider the faults that cause earthquakes, with their cyclical buildup of strain and violent discharge, as “really noisy, really crummy oscillators,” she says. She and Bilham dove into the data, using the only complete earthquake catalog for the past 100 years: magnitude-7 and larger earthquakes.<br />In work published in August in Geophysical Research Letters they reported two patterns: First, <a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">major quakes appeared to cluster in time</a><br />—although not in space. And second,<a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/"> the number of large earthquakes seemed to peak at 32-year interval</a>s. The earthquakes could be somehow talking to each other, or an external force could be nudging the earth into rupture.<br />Exploring such global forces, the researchers eventually discovered the match with the length of day. Although weather patterns such as El Nino can drive day length to vary back and forth by a millisecond over a year or more, a periodic, decades-long fluctuation of several milliseconds—in particular, its point of peak slow down about every three decades or so—lined up with the quake trend perfectly. "Of course that seems sort of crazy," Bendick says. But maybe it isn’t. When day length changes over decades, Earth’s magnetic field also develops a temporary ripple. Researchers think slight changes in the flow of the molten iron of the outer core may be responsible for both effects. Just what happens is uncertain—perhaps a bit of the molten outer core sticks to the mantle above. That might change the flow of the liquid metal, altering the magnetic field, and transfer enough momentum between the mantle and the core to affect day length.<br />Seismologists aren’t used to thinking about the planet’s core, buried 2900 kilometers beneath the crust where quakes happen. But they should, Bilham said during his talk here. The core is “quite close to us. It’s closer than New York from here,” he said.<br />At the equator, Earth spins 460 meters per second. Given this high velocity, it’s not absurd to think that a slight mismatch in speed between the solid crust and mantle and the liquid core could translate into a force somehow nudging quakes into synchrony, Molnar says. Of course, he adds, “It might be nonsense.” But the evidence for some kind of link is compelling, says geophysicist Michael Manga of the University of California, Berkeley. “I’ve worked on earthquakes triggered by seasonal variation, melting snow. His correlation is much better than what I’m used to seeing.”<br />One way or another, says James Dolan, a geologist at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, “we’re going to know in 5 years.” That’s because Earth’s rotation began a periodic slow-down 4-plus years ago. Beginning next year, Earth should expect five more major earthquakes a year than average—between 17 to 20 quakes, compared with the anomalously low four so far this year. If the pattern holds, it will put a new spin on earthquake forecasting.<br />doi:10.1126/science.aar3598Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-26239381959428270682024-03-07T19:42:00.002-07:002024-03-07T19:42:57.291-07:00USGS Evidence Shows Power of the Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12)<p> <i style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 19px;"><a href="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/fa36d-felt-comparisons.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;"><img border="0" height="218" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/fa36d-felt-comparisons.jpg?w=586&h=218" style="border: 0px; height: 380px; max-width: 100%;" width="586" /></a></i></p><br /><div class="entry-content" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.875em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><blockquote style="border-color: rgb(60, 162, 162); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; font-style: italic; margin: 0px 0.875em 1.75em -1.9em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.75em;"><div class="separator"><i><span class="titles-large">New Evidence Shows Power of East Coast Earthquakes</span><br /><span class="subtitle" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 1.75em; margin-top: -5px;">Virginia Earthquake Triggered Landslides at Great Distances</span></i></div></blockquote><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><span class="bold">Released:</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>11/6/2012 8:30:00 AM USGS.gov</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><b>Earthquake shaking in the eastern United States can travel much farther and cause damage over larger areas than previously thought.</b></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">U.S. Geological Survey scientists found that last year’s magnitude 5.8 earthquake in Virginia triggered landslides at distances four times farther—and over an area 20 times larger—than previous research has shown.</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">“We used landslides as an example and direct physical evidence to see how far-reaching shaking from east coast earthquakes could be,”</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>said Randall Jibson, USGS scientist and lead author of this study. “Not every earthquake will trigger landslides, but we can use landslide distributions to estimate characteristics of earthquake energy and how far regional ground shaking could occur.”</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">“Scientists are confirming with empirical data what more than 50 million people in the eastern U.S. experienced firsthand: this was one powerful earthquake,” said USGS Director Marcia McNutt. “Calibrating the distance over which landslides occur may also help us reach back into the geologic record to look for evidence of past history of major earthquakes from the Virginia seismic zone.”</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">This study will help inform earthquake hazard and risk assessments as well as emergency preparedness, whether for landslides or other earthquake effects.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">This study also supports existing research showing that although earthquakes are less frequent in the East, their damaging effects can extend over a much larger area as compared to the western United States.</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The research is being presented today at the Geological Society of America conference, and will be published in the December 2012 issue of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America</i>.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">The USGS found that the farthest landslide from the 2011 Virginia earthquake was 245 km (150 miles) from the epicenter. This is by far the greatest landslide distance recorded from any other earthquake of similar magnitude.</a><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;"> </a>Previous studies of worldwide earthquakes indicated that landslides occurred no farther than 60 km (36 miles) from the epicenter of a magnitude 5.8 earthquake.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">“What makes this new study so unique is that it provides direct observational evidence from the largest earthquake to occur in more than 100 years in the eastern U.S,” said Jibson. “Now that we know more about the power of East Coast earthquakes, equations that predict ground shaking might need to be revised.”</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><b>It is estimated that approximately one-third of the U.S. population could have felt last year’s earthquake in Virginia, more than any earthquake in U.S. history.</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>About 148,000 people reported their ground-shaking experiences caused by the earthquake on the USGS “Did You Feel It?” website. Shaking reports came from southeastern Canada to Florida and as far west as Texas.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">In addition to the great landslide distances recorded, the landslides from the 2011 Virginia earthquake occurred in an area 20 times larger than expected from studies of worldwide earthquakes. Scientists plotted the landslide locations that were farthest out and then calculated the area enclosed by those landslides. The observed landslides from last year’s Virginia earthquake enclose an area of about 33,400 km<span style="bottom: 1ex; font-size: 12.75px; height: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>, while previous studies indicated an expected area of about 1,500 km<span style="bottom: 1ex; font-size: 12.75px; height: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>from an earthquake of similar magnitude.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">“The landslide distances from last year’s Virginia earthquake are remarkable compared to historical landslides across the world and represent the largest distance limit ever recorded,” said Edwin Harp, USGS scientist and co-author of this study. “There are limitations to our research, but the bottom line is that we now have a better understanding of the power of East Coast earthquakes and potential damage scenarios.”</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">The difference between seismic shaking in the East versus the West is due in part to the geologic structure and rock properties that allow seismic waves to travel farther without weakening.</a></div><a href="http://www.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/one-year-anniversary-magnitude-5-8-virginia-earthquake/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575;">Learn more</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>about the 2011 central Virginia earthquake.</div>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-84359285070827259982024-03-06T18:08:00.002-07:002024-03-06T18:08:37.899-07:00Quakeland: On the Road to America’s Next Devastating Earthquake: Revelation 6
Quakeland: On the Road to America’s Next Devastating Earthquake
Roger BilhamQuakeland: New York and the Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12)
Given recent seismic activity — political as well as geological — it’s perhaps unsurprising that two books on earthquakes have arrived this season. One is as elegant as the score of a Beethoven symphony; the other resembles a diary of conversations overheard during a rock concert. Both are interesting, and both relate recent history to a shaky future.
Journalist Kathryn Miles’s Quakeland is a litany of bad things that happen when you provoke Earth to release its invisible but ubiquitous store of seismic-strain energy, either by removing fluids (oil, water, gas) or by adding them in copious quantities (when extracting shale gas in hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, or when injecting contaminated water or building reservoirs). To complete the picture, she describes at length the bad things that happen during unprovoked natural earthquakes. As its subtitle hints, the book takes the form of a road trip to visit seismic disasters both past and potential, and seismologists and earthquake engineers who have first-hand knowledge of them. Their colourful personalities, opinions and prejudices tell a story of scientific discovery and engineering remedy.
Miles poses some important societal questions. Aside from human intervention potentially triggering a really damaging earthquake, what is it actually like to live in neighbourhoods jolted daily by magnitude 1–3 earthquakes, or the occasional magnitude 5? Are these bumps in the night acceptable? And how can industries that perturb the highly stressed rocks beneath our feet deny obvious cause and effect? In 2015, the Oklahoma Geological Survey conceded that a quadrupling of the rate of magnitude-3 or more earthquakes in recent years, coinciding with a rise in fracking, was unlikely to represent a natural process. Miles does not take sides, but it’s difficult for the reader not to.
She visits New York City, marvelling at subway tunnels and unreinforced masonry almost certainly scheduled for destruction by the next moderate earthquake in the vicinity. She considers the perils of nuclear-waste storage in Nevada and Texas, and ponders the risks to Idaho miners of rock bursts — spontaneous fracture of the working face when the restraints of many million years of confinement are mined away. She contemplates the ups and downs of the Yellowstone Caldera — North America’s very own mid-continent supervolcano — and its magnificently uncertain future. Miles also touches on geothermal power plants in southern California’s Salton Sea and elsewhere; the vast US network of crumbling bridges, dams and oil-storage farms; and the magnitude 7–9 earthquakes that could hit California and the Cascadia coastline of Oregon and Washington state this century. Amid all this doom, a new elementary school on the coast near Westport, Washington, vulnerable to inbound tsunamis, is offered as a note of optimism. With foresight and much persuasion from its head teacher, it was engineered to become an elevated safe haven.
Miles briefly discusses earthquake prediction and the perils of getting it wrong (embarrassment in New Madrid, Missouri, where a quake was predicted but never materialized; prison in L’Aquila, Italy, where scientists failed to foresee a devastating seismic event) and the successes of early-warning systems, with which electronic alerts can be issued ahead of damaging seismic waves. Yes, it’s a lot to digest, but most of the book obeys the laws of physics, and it is a engaging read. One just can’t help wishing that Miles’s road trips had taken her somewhere that wasn’t a disaster waiting to happen.
Catastrophic damage in Anchorage, Alaska, in 1964, caused by the second-largest earthquake in the global instrumental record.
In The Great Quake, journalist Henry Fountain provides us with a forthright and timely reminder of the startling historical consequences of North America’s largest known earthquake, which more than half a century ago devastated southern Alaska. With its epicentre in Prince William Sound, the 1964 quake reached magnitude 9.2, the second largest in the global instrumental record. It released more energy than either the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake or the 2011 Tohoku earthquake off Japan; and it generated almost as many pages of scientific commentary and description as aftershocks. Yet it has been forgotten by many.
The quake was scientifically important because it occurred at a time when plate tectonics was in transition from hypothesis to theory. Fountain expertly traces the theory’s historical development, and how the Alaska earthquake was pivotal in nailing down one of the most important predictions. The earthquake caused a fjordland region larger than England to subside, and a similarly huge region of islands offshore to rise by many metres; but its scientific implications were not obvious at the time. Eminent seismologists thought that a vertical fault had slipped, drowning forests and coastlines to its north and raising beaches and islands to its south. But this kind of fault should have reached the surface, and extended deep into Earth’s mantle. There was no geological evidence of a monster surface fault separating these two regions, nor any evidence for excessively deep aftershocks. The landslides and liquefied soils that collapsed houses, and the tsunami that severely damaged ports and infrastructure, offered no clues to the cause.
“Previous earthquakes provide clear guidance about present-day vulnerability.” The hero of The Great Quake is the geologist George Plafker, who painstakingly mapped the height reached by barnacles lifted out of the intertidal zone along shorelines raised by the earthquake, and documented the depths of drowned forests. He deduced that the region of subsidence was the surface manifestation of previously compressed rocks springing apart, driving parts of Alaska up and southwards over the Pacific Plate. His finding confirmed a prediction of plate tectonics, that the leading edge of the Pacific Plate plunged beneath the southern edge of Alaska along a gently dipping thrust fault. That observation, once fully appreciated, was applauded by the geophysics community.
Fountain tells this story through the testimony of survivors, engineers and scientists, interweaving it with the fascinating history of Alaska, from early discovery by Europeans to purchase from Russia by the United States in 1867, and its recent development. Were the quake to occur now, it is not difficult to envisage that with increased infrastructure and larger populations, the death toll and price tag would be two orders of magnitude larger than the 139 fatalities and US$300-million economic cost recorded in 1964.
What is clear from these two books is that seismicity on the North American continent is guaranteed to deliver surprises, along with unprecedented economic and human losses. Previous earthquakes provide clear guidance about the present-day vulnerability of US infrastructure and populations. Engineers and seismologists know how to mitigate the effects of future earthquakes (and, in mid-continent, would advise against the reckless injection of waste fluids known to trigger earthquakes). It is merely a matter of persuading city planners and politicians that if they are tempted to ignore the certainty of the continent’s seismic past, they should err on the side of caution when considering its seismic future.Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-58960759110047937762024-03-04T19:16:00.001-07:002024-03-04T19:16:08.307-07:00The History Of New York Earthquakes: Before The Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12)<p> </p><br /><strong><img class="size-full wp-image-19756" data-attachment-id="19756" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="image-2946" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/image-2946.jpg?w=1100?w=646" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/image-2946.jpg?w=1100?w=300" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/image-2946.jpg?w=1100" data-orig-size="646,531" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=19756" height="526" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/image-2946.jpg?w=1100" width="640" /></strong><br /><strong><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">Historic Earthquakes</a></strong><br /><strong><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">Near New York City, New York</a></strong><br /><strong>1884 08 10 19:07 UTC</strong><br /><strong>Magnitude 5.5</strong><b>The History Of New York Earthquakes: Before The Sixth Seal (Rev 6:12)</b><br /><strong>Intensity VII</strong><br />USGS.gov<br /><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">This severe earthquake affected an area roughly extending along the Atlantic Coast from southern Maine to central Virginia and westward to Cleveland, Ohio.</a> Chimneys were knocked down and walls were cracked in several States, including Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. Many towns from Hartford, Connecticut, to West Chester,Pennsylvania.<br /><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">Property damage was severe at Amityville and Jamaica, New York, where several chimneys were “overturned” and large cracks formed in walls.</a> Two chimneys were thrown down and bricks were shaken from other chimneys at Stratford (Fairfield County), Conn.; water in the Housatonic River was agitated violently. At Bloomfield, N.J., and Chester, Pa., several chimneys were downed and crockery was broken. Chimneys also were damaged at Mount Vernon, N.Y., and Allentown, Easton, and Philadelphia, Pa. Three shocks occurred, the second of which was most violent. <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">This earthquake also was reported felt in Vermont, Virginia, and Washington, D.C.</a> Several slight aftershocks were reported on August 11.<br /><strong>Teilen mit:</strong><br /><a href="https://theprophecy.blog/2018/03/10/the-history-of-new-york-earthquakes-before-the-sixth-seal-rev-612-28/?share=twitter&nb=1">Twitter</a><a href="https://theprophecy.blog/2018/03/10/the-history-of-new-york-earthquakes-before-the-sixth-seal-rev-612-28/?share=facebook&nb=1">Facebook</a>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-46661962967321133362024-03-03T19:04:00.002-07:002024-03-03T19:04:55.319-07:00Columbia University Warns Of Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12)<p> <b><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/"><img class="wp-image-16387" height="360" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/image-1873.jpg" width="640" /></a><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/"> </a></b></p><b><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">Earthquakes May Endanger New York More Than Thought, Says Study</a></b><br />A study by a group of prominent seismologists suggests that a pattern of subtle but active faults makes the risk of earthquakes to the <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">New York City</a> area substantially greater than formerly believed. Among other things, they say that the controversial Indian Point nuclear power plants, 24 miles north of the city, sit astride the previously unidentified intersection of two active seismic zones. The paper appears in the current issue of the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.<br />Many faults and a few mostly modest quakes have long been known around <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">New York City</a>, but the research casts them in a new light. The scientists say the insight comes from sophisticated analysis of past quakes, plus 34 years of new data on tremors, most of them perceptible only by modern seismic instruments. The evidence charts unseen but potentially powerful structures whose layout and dynamics are only now coming clearer, say the scientists. All are based at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, which runs the network of seismometers that monitors most of the northeastern United States.<br />Lead author Lynn R. Sykes said the data show that large quakes are infrequent around <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">New York</a>compared to more active areas like California and Japan, but that the risk is high, because of the overwhelming concentration of people and infrastructure. “The research raises the perception both of how common these events are, and, specifically, where they may occur,” he said. “It’s an extremely populated area with very large assets.” Sykes, who has studied the region for four decades, is known for his early role in establishing the global theory of plate tectonics.<br />The authors compiled a catalog of all 383 known earthquakes from 1677 to 2007 in a 15,000-square-mile area around <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">New York City</a>. Coauthor John Armbruster estimated sizes and locations of dozens of events before 1930 by combing newspaper accounts and other records. The researchers say magnitude 5 quakes—strong enough to cause damage–occurred in 1737, 1783 and 1884. There was little settlement around to be hurt by the first two quakes, whose locations are vague due to a lack of good accounts; but the last, thought to be centered under the seabed somewhere between Brooklyn and Sandy Hook, toppled chimneys across the city and New Jersey, and panicked bathers at Coney Island. Based on this, the researchers say such quakes should be routinely expected, on average, about every 100 years. “Today, with so many more buildings and people, a magnitude 5 centered below the city would be extremely attention-getting,” said Armbruster. “We’d see billions in damage, with some brick buildings falling. People would probably be killed.”<br />Starting in the early 1970s Lamont began collecting data on quakes from dozens of newly deployed seismometers; these have revealed further potential, including distinct zones where earthquakes concentrate, and where larger ones could come. The Lamont network, now led by coauthor Won-Young Kim, has located hundreds of small events, including a magnitude 3 every few years, which can be felt by people at the surface, but is unlikely to cause damage. These small quakes tend to cluster along a series of small, old faults in harder rocks across the region. Many of the faults were discovered decades ago when subways, water tunnels and other excavations intersected them, but conventional wisdom said they were inactive remnants of continental collisions and rifting hundreds of millions of years ago. The results clearly show that they are active, and quite capable of generating damaging quakes, said Sykes.<br />One major previously known feature, the <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">Ramapo Seismic Zone</a>, runs from eastern Pennsylvania to the mid-Hudson Valley, passing within a mile or two northwest of Indian Point. The researchers found that this system is not so much a single fracture as a braid of smaller ones, where quakes emanate from a set of still ill-defined faults. East and south of the Ramapo zone—and possibly more significant in terms of hazard–is a set of nearly parallel northwest-southeast faults. These include Manhattan’s 125th Street fault, which seems to have generated two small 1981 quakes, and could have been the source of the big 1737 quake; the Dyckman Street fault, which carried a magnitude 2 in 1989; the Mosholu Parkway fault; and the Dobbs Ferry fault in suburban Westchester, which generated the largest recent shock, a surprising magnitude 4.1, in 1985. Fortunately, it did no damage. Given the pattern, Sykes says the big 1884 quake may have hit on a yet-undetected member of this parallel family further south.<br />The researchers say that frequent small quakes occur in predictable ratios to larger ones, and so can be used to project a rough time scale for damaging events. Based on the lengths of the faults, the detected tremors, and calculations of how stresses build in the crust, the researchers say that magnitude 6 quakes, or even 7—respectively 10 and 100 times bigger than magnitude 5–are quite possible on the active faults they describe. They calculate that magnitude 6 quakes take place in the area about every 670 years, and sevens, every 3,400 years. The corresponding probabilities of occurrence in any 50-year period would be 7% and 1.5%. After less specific hints of these possibilities appeared in previous research, a 2003 analysis by The New York City Area Consortium for Earthquake Loss Mitigation put the cost of quakes this size in the metro New York area at $39 billion to $197 billion. A separate 2001 analysis for northern New Jersey’s Bergen County estimates that a magnitude 7 would destroy 14,000 buildings and damage 180,000 in that area alone. The researchers point out that no one knows when the last such events occurred, and say no one can predict when they next might come.<br />“We need to step backward from the simple old model, where you worry about one large, obvious fault, like they do in California,” said coauthor Leonardo Seeber. “The problem here comes from many subtle faults. We now see there is earthquake activity on them. Each one is small, but when you add them up, they are probably more dangerous than we thought. We need to take a very close look.” Seeber says that because the faults are mostly invisible at the surface and move infrequently, a big quake could easily hit one not yet identified. “The probability is not zero, and the damage could be great,” he said. “It could be like something out of a Greek myth.”<br />The researchers found concrete evidence for one significant previously unknown structure: an active seismic zone running at least 25 miles from Stamford, Conn., to the Hudson Valley town of Peekskill, N.Y., where it passes less than a mile north of the Indian Point nuclear power plant. The Stamford-Peekskill line stands out sharply on the researchers’ earthquake map, with small events clustered along its length, and to its immediate southwest. Just to the north, there are no quakes, indicating that it represents some kind of underground boundary. It is parallel to the other faults beginning at 125th Street, so the researchers believe it is a fault in the same family. Like the others, they say it is probably capable of producing at least a magnitude 6 quake. Furthermore, a mile or so on, it intersects the Ramapo seismic zone.<br />Sykes said the existence of the Stamford-Peekskill line had been suggested before, because the Hudson takes a sudden unexplained bend just ot the north of Indian Point, and definite traces of an old fault can be along the north side of the bend. The seismic evidence confirms it, he said. “Indian Point is situated at the intersection of the two most striking linear features marking the seismicity and also in the midst of a large population that is at risk in case of an accident,” says the paper. “This is clearly one of the least favorable sites in our study area from an earthquake hazard and risk perspective.”<br />The findings comes at a time when Entergy, the owner of Indian Point, is trying to relicense the two operating plants for an additional 20 years—a move being fought by surrounding communities and the New York State Attorney General. Last fall the attorney general, alerted to the then-unpublished Lamont data, told a Nuclear Regulatory Commission panel in a filing: “New data developed in the last 20 years disclose a substantially higher likelihood of significant earthquake activity in the vicinity of [Indian Point] that could exceed the earthquake design for the facility.” The state alleges that Entergy has not presented new data on earthquakes past 1979. However, in a little-noticed decision this July 31, the panel rejected the argument on procedural grounds. A source at the attorney general’s office said the state is considering its options.<br />The characteristics of New York’s geology and human footprint may increase the problem. Unlike in California, many New York quakes occur near the surface—in the upper mile or so—and they occur not in the broken-up, more malleable formations common where quakes are frequent, but rather in the extremely hard, rigid rocks underlying Manhattan and much of the lower Hudson Valley. Such rocks can build large stresses, then suddenly and efficiently transmit energy over long distances. “It’s like putting a hard rock in a vise,” said Seeber. “Nothing happens for a while. Then it goes with a bang.” Earthquake-resistant building codes were not introduced to New York City until 1995, and are not in effect at all in many other communities. Sinuous skyscrapers and bridges might get by with minimal damage, said Sykes, but many older, unreinforced three- to six-story brick buildings could crumble.<br />Art Lerner-Lam, associate director of Lamont for seismology, geology and tectonophysics, pointed out that the region’s major highways including the New York State Thruway, commuter and long-distance rail lines, and the main gas, oil and power transmission lines all cross the parallel active faults, making them particularly vulnerable to being cut. Lerner-Lam, who was not involved in the research, said that the identification of the seismic line near Indian Point “is a major substantiation of a feature that bears on the long-term earthquake risk of the northeastern United States.” He called for policymakers to develop more information on the region’s vulnerability, to take a closer look at land use and development, and to make investments to strengthen critical infrastructure.<br />“This is a landmark study in many ways,” said Lerner-Lam. “It gives us the best possible evidence that we have an earthquake hazard here that should be a factor in any planning decision. It crystallizes the argument that this hazard is not random. There is a structure to the location and timing of the earthquakes. This enables us to contemplate risk in an entirely different way. And since we are able to do that, we should be required to do that.”<br />New York Earthquake Briefs and Quotes:<br />Existing U.S. Geological Survey seismic hazard maps show New York City as facing more hazard than many other eastern U.S. areas. Three areas are somewhat more active—northernmost New York State, New Hampshire and South Carolina—but they have much lower populations and fewer structures. The wider forces at work include pressure exerted from continuing expansion of the mid-Atlantic Ridge thousands of miles to the east; slow westward migration of the North American continent; and the area’s intricate labyrinth of old faults, sutures and zones of weakness caused by past collisions and rifting.<br />Due to New York’s past history, population density and fragile, interdependent infrastructure, a 2001 analysis by the Federal Emergency Management Agency ranks it the 11th most at-risk U.S. city for earthquake damage. Among those ahead: Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle and Portland. Behind: Salt Lake City, Sacramento, Anchorage.<br />New York’s first seismic station was set up at Fordham University in the 1920s. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, in Palisades, N.Y., has operated stations since 1949, and now coordinates a network of about 40.<br />Dozens of small quakes have been felt in the New York area. A Jan. 17, 2001 magnitude 2.4, centered in the Upper East Side—the first ever detected in Manhattan itself–may have originated on the 125th Street fault. Some people thought it was an explosion, but no one was harmed.<br />The most recent felt quake, a magnitude 2.1 on July 28, 2008, was centered near Milford, N.J. Houses shook and a woman at St. Edward’s Church said she felt the building rise up under her feet—but no damage was done.<br />Questions about the seismic safety of the Indian Point nuclear power plant, which lies amid a metropolitan area of more than 20 million people, were raised in previous scientific papers in 1978 and 1985.<br />Because the hard rocks under much of New York can build up a lot strain before breaking, researchers believe that modest faults as short as 1 to 10 kilometers can cause magnitude 5 or 6 quakes.<br />In general, magnitude 3 quakes occur about 10 times more often than magnitude fours; 100 times more than magnitude fives; and so on. This principle is called the Gutenberg-Richter relationship.Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-66492714414829821042024-02-26T20:53:00.002-07:002024-02-26T20:53:30.340-07:00New York Subways at the Sixth Seal (Revelation 6)<p> <b><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">How vulnerable are NYC’s underwater subway tunnels to flooding?</a><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/"><img class="wp-image-18983" data-attachment-id="18983" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="image-2735" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/image-2735.jpg?w=707&h=473?w=635" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/image-2735.jpg?w=707&h=473?w=300" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/image-2735.jpg?w=707&h=473" data-orig-size="635,425" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=18983" height="428" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/image-2735.jpg?w=707&h=473" width="640" /></a></b></p><a href="https://www.curbed.com/users/Ashley%20Fetters">Ashley Fetters</a><br /><i>New York City is full of peculiar phenomena—rickety <a href="https://ny.curbed.com/2015/8/31/9925606/how-safe-are-new-york-citys-fire-escapes-really">fire escapes</a>; 100-year-old <a href="https://ny.curbed.com/maps/nyc-subway-secret-tunnels">subway tunnels</a>; <a href="https://ny.curbed.com/maps/nyc-summer-public-spaces-air-conditioning">air conditioners</a> propped perilously into window frames—that can strike fear into the heart of even the toughest city denizen. But should they? Every month, writer Ashley Fetters will be exploring—and debunking—these New York-specific fears, letting you know what you should actually worry about, and what anxieties you can simply let slip away.</i><br />The 25-minute subway commute from <a href="https://ny.curbed.com/neighborhood/1339/crown-heights">Crown Heights</a> to the <a href="https://ny.curbed.com/neighborhood/1393/financial-district">Financial District</a> on the 2/3 line is, in my experience, a surprisingly peaceful start to the workday—save for one 3,100-foot stretch between the Clark Street and Wall Street stations, where for three minutes I sit wondering what the probability is that I will soon die a torturous, claustrophobic drowning death right here in this subway car.<br />The Clark Street Tunnel, opened in 1916, is one of approximately a dozen tunnels that escort MTA passengers from one borough to the next underwater—and just about all of them, with the exception of the 1989 addition of the 63rd Street F train tunnel, were constructed between 1900 and 1936.<br />Each day, thousands of New Yorkers venture across the East River and back again through these tubes buried deep in the riverbed, some of which are nearing or even past their 100th birthdays. <a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">Are they wrong to ponder their own mortality while picturing one of these watery catacombs suddenly springing a leak?</a><br />Mostly yes, they are, says Michael Horodniceanu, the former president of MTA Capital Construction and current principal of Urban Advisory Group. First, it’s important to remember that the subway tunnel is built under the riverbed, not just in the river—so what immediately surrounds the tunnel isn’t water but some 25 feet of soil. “There’s a lot of dirt on top of it,” Horodniceanu says. “It’s well into the bed of the bottom of the channel.”<br />And second, as Angus Kress Gillespie, author of <i><a href="https://go.redirectingat.com/?id=66960X1516509&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FCrossing-Under-Hudson-Holland-Lincoln%2Fdp%2F0813550033">Crossing Under the Hudson: The Story of the Holland and Lincoln Tunnels</a></i>, points out, New York’s underwater subway tunnels are designed to withstand some leaking. And withstand it they do: Pumps placed below the floor of the tunnel, he says, are always running, always diverting water seepage into the sewers. (Horodniceanu says the amount of water these pumps divert into the sewer system each day numbers in the thousands of gallons.)<br />Additionally, MTA crews routinely repair the grouting and caulking, and often inject a substance into the walls that creates a waterproof membrane outside the tunnel—which keeps water out of the tunnel and relieves any water pressure acting on its walls. New tunnels, Horodniceanu points out, are even built with an outside waterproofing membrane that works like an umbrella: Water goes around it, it falls to the sides, and then it gets channeled into a pumping station and pumped out.<br />Of course, the classic New York nightmare scenario isn’t just a cute little trickle finding its way in. The anxiety daydream usually involves something sinister, or seismic. The good news, however, is that while an earthquake or explosion would indeed be bad for many reasons, it likely wouldn’t result in the frantic flooding horror scene that plays out in some commuters’ imaginations.<br />The Montague Tube, which sustained severe damage during Hurricane Sandy.<br /><i>MTA New York City Transit / Marc A. Hermann</i><br />Horodniceanu assures me that tunnels built more recently are “built to withstand a seismic event.” The older tunnels, however—like, um, the Clark Street Tunnel—“were not seismically retrofitted, let me put it that way,” Horodniceanu says. “But the way they were built is in such a way that I do not believe an earthquake would affect them.” They aren’t deep enough in the ground, anyway, he says, to be too intensely affected by a seismic event. (The MTA did not respond to a request for comment.)<br />One of the only real threats to tunnel infrastructure, Horodniceanu adds, is extreme weather. Hurricane Sandy, for example, caused flooding in the tunnels, which “created problems with the infrastructure.” He continues, “The tunnels have to be rebuilt as a result of saltwater corroding the infrastructure.”<br />Still, he points out, hurricanes don’t exactly happen with no warning. So while Hurricane Sandy did cause major trauma to the tunnels, train traffic could be stopped with ample time to keep passengers out of harm’s way. In 2012, Governor Andrew Cuomo <a href="https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/27/m-t-a-chief-announces-storm-plan-for-subways-buses-and-commuter-trains/">directed</a> all the MTA’s mass transit services to shut down at 7 p.m. the night before Hurricane Sandy was expected to hit New York City.<br />And Gillespie, for his part, doubts even an explosion would result in sudden, dangerous flooding. A subway tunnel is not a closed system, he points out; it’s like a pipe that’s open at both ends. “The force of a blast would go forwards and backwards out the exit,” he says.<br />So the subway-train version of that terrifying Holland Tunnel flood scene in <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xoY6mVwJxVY">Sylvester Stallone’s </a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xoY6mVwJxVY"><i>Daylight</i></a> is … unrealistic, right?<br />“Yeah,” Gillespie laughs. “Yeah. It is.”<br /><i>Got a weird New York anxiety that you want explored? E-mail tips@curbed.com, and we may include it in a future column.</i>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-90633464402477776402024-02-26T13:38:00.002-07:002024-02-26T13:38:31.378-07:00New York at Risk for an Earthquake (Revelation 6:12) <p> </p><header class="entry-header" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><h1 class="entry-title" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; clear: both; color: #306363; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 47px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="A red vase sits, overturned, on a hardwood floor. Broken glass and other vases are on the floor. A table is askew. A man leans against a chair while he holds a phone to his left ear." class="img-responsive" height="366" src="https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/image/TWCNews/ap_110823150633_resizeearthquakedamagejpg" style="border: 0px; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" width="652" /></h1></header><div class="entry-content" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.875em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div class="image article-image" style="margin-top: 0px;"><div class="caption-container caption-bottom"><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"></div><div class="caption">Tony Williams surveys damage at his Mineral, Va. home after an earthquake struck Tuesday, Aug. 23, 2011. Items in his home were knocked over and displaced, and the home suffered some structural damage after the most powerful earthquake to strike the East Coast in 67 years shook buildings and rattled nerves from South Carolina to New England. The quake was centered near Mineral, a small town northwest of Richmond. (AP Photo/Steve Helber)</div></div></div><article style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="article-header"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div></div></div><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><h1 class="article-headline" style="clear: both; color: #306363; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 47px; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0.875em 0px 0.4375em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">A look at New York City’s earthquake risks</a></h1><div class="article-subheader small">BY FARAZ TOOR <span class="article-location">NEW YORK CITY</span><br /><span class="article-date-publish empire-visible empire-byline noUpdatedDate">PUBLISHED 4:32 PM ET APR. 02, 2018</span></div><div class="share-bar-container os-desktop"></div></div><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="article-body"><div class="text parbase"><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Not every New Yorker felt it when the ground shook on August 23, 2011.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">When a magnitude 5.8 earthquake cracked the soil near Mineral, Virginia that day, the energy traveled through the Northeast.</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Some New Yorkers watched their homes tremor, while others felt nothing.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">Researchers say New York City is due for a significant earthquake originating near the five boroughs</a>, based on previous smaller earthquakes in and around the city. While New York is at moderate risk for earthquakes, its high population and infrastructure could lead to significant damage when a magnitude 5 quake or stronger hits the area.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Unbeknownst to many, there are numerous fault lines in the city, but a few stand out for their size and prominence: the 125th Street Fault, the Dyckman Street Fault, the Mosholu Parkway Fault, and the East River Fault.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The 125th Street Fault is the largest, running along the street, extending from New Jersey to the East River. Part of it runs to the northern tip of Central Park, while a portion extends into Roosevelt Island.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">The Dyckman Street Fault is located in Inwood, crossing the Harlem River and into Morris Heights, while the Mosholu Parkway Fault is north of the Dyckman Street and 125th Street Faults.</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The East River Fault looks a bit like an obtuse angle, with its top portion running parallel, to the west of Central Park, before taking a horizontal turn near 32nd St. and extending into the East River and stopping short of Brooklyn.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Just outside of the city is the Dobbs Ferry Fault, located in suburban Westchester; and the Ramapo Fault, running from eastern Pennsylvania to the mid-Hudson Valley, passing within a few miles northwest of the Indian Point Nuclear Plant, less than 40 miles north of the city and astride the intersection of two active seismic zones.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The locations of faults and the prevalence of earthquakes is generally not a concern for most New Yorkers. One reason might be that perceptions of weaker earthquakes vary widely.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">On Nov. 30, a magnitude 4.1 earthquake, centered near Dover, Delaware, could be felt in nearby states. Less than 200 miles away in New York City, some people reported on social media that they felt their houses and apartments shaking. At the same time, some New Yorkers, again, did not feel anything:</div><div class="embedcode"><div class="SandboxRoot env-bp-350"><div class="EmbeddedTweet EmbeddedTweet--cta js-clickToOpenTarget" id="twitter-widget-0" lang="en"><div class="EmbeddedTweet-tweetContainer"><div class="EmbeddedTweet-tweet"><blockquote cite="https://twitter.com/KevBarNYC/status/936351913435688960" class="Tweet h-entry js-tweetIdInfo subject expanded" style="border-color: rgb(60, 162, 162); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; font-style: italic; margin: 1.75em 0.875em 1.75em -1.9em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.75em;"><div class="Tweet-header" style="margin-top: 0px;"><a aria-label="KevBarNYC (screen name: KevBarNYC)" class="TweetAuthor-avatar Identity-avatar u-linkBlend" href="https://twitter.com/KevBarNYC" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="" class="Avatar" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1170853391892930561/CE61CGOq_normal.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" /></a><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"></div><div class="TweetAuthor js-inViewportScribingTarget"><div class="TweetAuthor-nameScreenNameContainer"><span class="TweetAuthor-decoratedName">KevBarNYC</span><span class="TweetAuthor-screenName Identity-screenName" dir="ltr" title="@KevBarNYC">@KevBarNYC</span></div></div><div class="Tweet-brand"><div aria-label="View on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--twitter" role="presentation" title="View on Twitter"></div></div></div><div class="Tweet-body e-entry-content" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="Tweet-target js-inViewportScribingTarget"></div><div class="Tweet-text e-entry-title" dir="ltr" lang="en" style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Just felt my whole building shake in the East Village, NYC <a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/earthquake?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">earthquake</span></a> <a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/nyc?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">nyc</span></a></div><div class="TweetInfo"><div class="TweetInfo-like"><div><div aria-label="Like" class="Icon Icon--heart" role="img" title="Like"></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a class="TweetInfo-heart" href="https://twitter.com/intent/like?tweet_id=936351913435688960" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Like">14</a></div></div><div class="TweetInfo-timeGeo"><a class="u-linkBlend u-url customisable-highlight long-permalink" href="https://twitter.com/KevBarNYC/status/936351913435688960" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">2:51 PM – Nov 30, 2017</a></div><div class="tweet-InformationCircle"><a class="Icon Icon--informationCircleWhite js-inViewportScribingTarget" href="https://support.twitter.com/articles/20175256" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Twitter Ads info and privacy">Twitter Ads info and privacy</a></div></div></div></blockquote></div><div class="CallToAction-icon"><div aria-label="View profile on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--profileCTA" role="img" title="View profile on Twitter"></div></div><div class="CallToAction-text">See KevBarNYC’s other Tweets</div><div class="CallToAction-chevron"><div aria-label="View on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--chevronRightCTA" role="img" title="View on Twitter"></div></div></div></div><div class="resize-sensor"><div class="resize-sensor-expand"><div></div></div><div class="resize-sensor-shrink"><div></div></div></div></div><div class="SandboxRoot env-bp-350"><div class="EmbeddedTweet EmbeddedTweet--cta js-clickToOpenTarget" id="twitter-widget-1" lang="en"><div class="EmbeddedTweet-tweetContainer"><div class="EmbeddedTweet-tweet"><blockquote cite="https://twitter.com/baumwoll/status/936354369766920194" class="Tweet h-entry js-tweetIdInfo subject expanded" style="border-color: rgb(60, 162, 162); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; font-style: italic; margin: 1.75em 0.875em 1.75em -1.9em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.75em;"><div class="Tweet-header" style="margin-top: 0px;"><a aria-label="Mike Baumwoll ✌️ (screen name: baumwoll)" class="TweetAuthor-avatar Identity-avatar u-linkBlend" href="https://twitter.com/baumwoll" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="" class="Avatar" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1185222912107831298/BZJx54yj_normal.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" /></a><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"></div><div class="TweetAuthor js-inViewportScribingTarget"><div class="TweetAuthor-nameScreenNameContainer"><span class="TweetAuthor-decoratedName">Mike Baumwoll <img alt="✌️" aria-label="Emoji: Victory hand" class="Emoji Emoji--forText" src="https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/72x72/270c.png" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" title="Victory hand" /></span><span class="TweetAuthor-screenName Identity-screenName" dir="ltr" title="@baumwoll">@baumwoll</span></div></div><div class="Tweet-brand"><div aria-label="View on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--twitter" role="presentation" title="View on Twitter"></div></div></div><div class="Tweet-body e-entry-content" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="Tweet-target js-inViewportScribingTarget"></div><div class="Tweet-text e-entry-title" dir="ltr" lang="en" style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">So apparently we just had a small earthquake in NYC? Did anyone feel it? <a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NYCearthquake?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">NYCearthquake</span></a></div><div class="TweetInfo"><div class="TweetInfo-like"><div><div aria-label="Like" class="Icon Icon--heart" role="img" title="Like"></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a class="TweetInfo-heart" href="https://twitter.com/intent/like?tweet_id=936354369766920194" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Like">6</a></div></div><div class="TweetInfo-timeGeo"><a class="u-linkBlend u-url customisable-highlight long-permalink" href="https://twitter.com/baumwoll/status/936354369766920194" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">3:00 PM – Nov 30, 2017</a></div><div class="tweet-InformationCircle"><a class="Icon Icon--informationCircleWhite js-inViewportScribingTarget" href="https://support.twitter.com/articles/20175256" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Twitter Ads info and privacy">Twitter Ads info and privacy</a></div></div></div></blockquote></div><div class="CallToAction-icon"><div aria-label="View profile on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--profileCTA" role="img" title="View profile on Twitter"></div></div><div class="CallToAction-text">See Mike Baumwoll <img alt="✌️" aria-label="Emoji: Victory hand" class="Emoji Emoji--forText" src="https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/72x72/270c.png" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" title="Victory hand" />‘s other Tweets</div><div class="CallToAction-chevron"><div aria-label="View on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--chevronRightCTA" role="img" title="View on Twitter"></div></div></div></div><div class="resize-sensor"><div class="resize-sensor-expand"><div></div></div><div class="resize-sensor-shrink"><div></div></div></div></div><blockquote class="twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-error" style="border-color: rgb(60, 162, 162); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; font-style: italic; margin: 1.75em 0.875em 1.75em -1.9em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.75em;"><div dir="ltr" lang="en" style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">What I referred to as “a giant ghost in the apartment shaking the christmas tree” in my texts to everyone this p.m. turned out to be my very first <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/earthquake?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">#earthquake</a> in <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/nyc?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">#nyc</a>! <img alt="😅" class="emoji" draggable="false" role="img" src="https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-smileys/twemoji/2/svg/1f605.svg" style="background: none; border: none; box-shadow: none; display: inline; height: 1em; margin: 0px 0.07em; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: -0.1em; width: 1em;" /></div>— Kate Kosaya (@KateKosaya) <a href="https://twitter.com/KateKosaya/status/936374431286472706?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">November 30, 2017</a></blockquote><div class="SandboxRoot env-bp-350"><div class="EmbeddedTweet EmbeddedTweet--cta js-clickToOpenTarget" id="twitter-widget-3" lang="en"><div class="EmbeddedTweet-tweetContainer"><div class="EmbeddedTweet-tweet"><blockquote cite="https://twitter.com/andreaa_marks/status/936362998784036864" class="Tweet h-entry js-tweetIdInfo subject expanded" style="border-color: rgb(60, 162, 162); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; font-style: italic; margin: 1.75em 0.875em 1.75em -1.9em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.75em;"><div class="Tweet-header" style="margin-top: 0px;"><a aria-label="Andrea Marks (screen name: andreaa_marks)" class="TweetAuthor-avatar Identity-avatar u-linkBlend" href="https://twitter.com/andreaa_marks" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="" class="Avatar" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1052765563079016448/xfak9ZGY_normal.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" /></a><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"></div><div class="TweetAuthor js-inViewportScribingTarget"><div class="TweetAuthor-nameScreenNameContainer"><span class="TweetAuthor-decoratedName">Andrea Marks</span><span class="TweetAuthor-screenName Identity-screenName" dir="ltr" title="@andreaa_marks">@andreaa_marks</span></div></div><div class="Tweet-brand"><div aria-label="View on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--twitter" role="presentation" title="View on Twitter"></div></div></div><div class="Tweet-body e-entry-content" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="Tweet-target js-inViewportScribingTarget"></div><div class="Tweet-text e-entry-title" dir="ltr" lang="en" style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">I felt the earthquake too! I wanna be part of this! I watched the water in a water bottle go back forth for a long time after the 3 seconds of shaking. Thought about the T-rex scene from Jurassic Park and went back to work. <a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/earthquake?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">earthquake</span></a> <a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/nyc?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">nyc</span></a></div><div class="TweetInfo"><div class="TweetInfo-like"><div aria-label="Like" class="Icon Icon--heart" role="img" title="Like"></div></div><div class="TweetInfo-timeGeo"><a class="u-linkBlend u-url customisable-highlight long-permalink" href="https://twitter.com/andreaa_marks/status/936362998784036864" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">3:35 PM – Nov 30, 2017</a> · <a class="u-linkBlend customisable-highlight" href="https://twitter.com/search?q=place%3A011add077f4d2da3" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">Brooklyn, NY</a></div><div class="tweet-InformationCircle"><a class="Icon Icon--informationCircleWhite js-inViewportScribingTarget" href="https://support.twitter.com/articles/20175256" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Twitter Ads info and privacy">Twitter Ads info and privacy</a></div></div></div></blockquote></div><div class="CallToAction-icon"><div aria-label="View profile on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--profileCTA" role="img" title="View profile on Twitter"></div></div><div class="CallToAction-text">See Andrea Marks’s other Tweets</div><div class="CallToAction-chevron"><div aria-label="View on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--chevronRightCTA" role="img" title="View on Twitter"></div></div></div></div><div class="resize-sensor"><div class="resize-sensor-expand"><div></div></div><div class="resize-sensor-shrink"><div></div></div></div></div><div class="SandboxRoot env-bp-350"><div class="EmbeddedTweet EmbeddedTweet--cta js-clickToOpenTarget" id="twitter-widget-4" lang="en"><div class="EmbeddedTweet-tweetContainer"><div class="EmbeddedTweet-tweet"><blockquote cite="https://twitter.com/BrianRagan/status/936362173923844096" class="Tweet h-entry js-tweetIdInfo subject expanded" style="border-color: rgb(60, 162, 162); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; font-style: italic; margin: 1.75em 0.875em 1.75em -1.9em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.75em;"><div class="Tweet-header" style="margin-top: 0px;"><a aria-label="Brian Ragan (screen name: BrianRagan)" class="TweetAuthor-avatar Identity-avatar u-linkBlend" href="https://twitter.com/BrianRagan" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="" class="Avatar" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/502263660362735616/BkpFHkXK_normal.png" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" /></a><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"></div><div class="TweetAuthor js-inViewportScribingTarget"><div class="TweetAuthor-nameScreenNameContainer"><span class="TweetAuthor-decoratedName">Brian Ragan</span><span class="TweetAuthor-screenName Identity-screenName" dir="ltr" title="@BrianRagan">@BrianRagan</span></div></div><div class="Tweet-brand"><div aria-label="View on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--twitter" role="presentation" title="View on Twitter"></div></div></div><div class="Tweet-body e-entry-content" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="Tweet-target js-inViewportScribingTarget"></div><div class="Tweet-text e-entry-title" dir="ltr" lang="en" style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Well that’s an unexpected alert. <a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/nyc?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">nyc</span></a> <a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/earthquake?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">earthquake</span></a></div><div class="Tweet-card"><article class="MediaCard customisable-border" dir="ltr"><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"></div><div class="MediaCard-media"><div class="MediaCard-widthConstraint js-cspForcedStyle"><div class="MediaCard-mediaContainer js-cspForcedStyle MediaCard--roundedTop MediaCard--roundedBottom"><a class="MediaCard-mediaAsset NaturalImage" href="https://twitter.com/BrianRagan/status/936362173923844096/photo/1" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="View image on Twitter" class="NaturalImage-image" height="448" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DP6gbpOWkAEmKWM?format=jpg&name=small" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" title="View image on Twitter" width="750" /></a></div></div></div></article></div><div class="TweetInfo"><div class="TweetInfo-like"><div><div aria-label="Like" class="Icon Icon--heart" role="img" title="Like"></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a class="TweetInfo-heart" href="https://twitter.com/intent/like?tweet_id=936362173923844096" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Like">3</a></div></div><div class="TweetInfo-timeGeo"><a class="u-linkBlend u-url customisable-highlight long-permalink" href="https://twitter.com/BrianRagan/status/936362173923844096" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">3:31 PM – Nov 30, 2017</a> · <a class="u-linkBlend customisable-highlight" href="https://twitter.com/search?q=place%3A01a9a39529b27f36" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">Manhattan, NY</a></div><div class="tweet-InformationCircle"><a class="Icon Icon--informationCircleWhite js-inViewportScribingTarget" href="https://support.twitter.com/articles/20175256" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Twitter Ads info and privacy">Twitter Ads info and privacy</a></div></div></div></blockquote></div><div class="CallToAction-icon"><div aria-label="View profile on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--profileCTA" role="img" title="View profile on Twitter"></div></div><div class="CallToAction-text">See Brian Ragan’s other Tweets</div><div class="CallToAction-chevron"><div aria-label="View on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--chevronRightCTA" role="img" title="View on Twitter"></div></div></div></div><div class="resize-sensor"><div class="resize-sensor-expand"><div></div></div><div class="resize-sensor-shrink"><div></div></div></div></div><div class="SandboxRoot env-bp-350"><div class="EmbeddedTweet EmbeddedTweet--cta js-clickToOpenTarget" id="twitter-widget-5" lang="en"><div class="EmbeddedTweet-tweetContainer"><div class="EmbeddedTweet-tweet"><blockquote cite="https://twitter.com/marschaffer/status/936353518981648384" class="Tweet h-entry js-tweetIdInfo subject expanded" style="border-color: rgb(60, 162, 162); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; font-style: italic; margin: 1.75em 0.875em 1.75em -1.9em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.75em;"><div class="Tweet-header" style="margin-top: 0px;"><a aria-label="Marianna Schaffer (screen name: marschaffer)" class="TweetAuthor-avatar Identity-avatar u-linkBlend" href="https://twitter.com/marschaffer" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="" class="Avatar" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/465721211037966336/4sCh3wAz_normal.jpeg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" /></a><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"></div><div class="TweetAuthor js-inViewportScribingTarget"><div class="TweetAuthor-nameScreenNameContainer"><span class="TweetAuthor-decoratedName">Marianna Schaffer</span><span class="TweetAuthor-screenName Identity-screenName" dir="ltr" title="@marschaffer">@marschaffer</span></div></div><div class="Tweet-brand"><div aria-label="View on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--twitter" role="presentation" title="View on Twitter"></div></div></div><div class="Tweet-body e-entry-content" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="Tweet-target js-inViewportScribingTarget"></div><div class="Tweet-text e-entry-title" dir="ltr" lang="en" style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Just felt earthquake like thing at my desk in <a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NYC?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">NYC</span></a> anyone else? Floor and chair moved <a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/earthquake?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">earthquake</span></a> <a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/eastcoastnotusedtothis?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">eastcoastnotusedtothis</span></a> <a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/helpfromleftcoast?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">helpfromleftcoast</span></a></div><div class="TweetInfo"><div class="TweetInfo-like"><div><div aria-label="Like" class="Icon Icon--heart" role="img" title="Like"></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a class="TweetInfo-heart" href="https://twitter.com/intent/like?tweet_id=936353518981648384" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Like">2</a></div></div><div class="TweetInfo-timeGeo"><a class="u-linkBlend u-url customisable-highlight long-permalink" href="https://twitter.com/marschaffer/status/936353518981648384" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">2:57 PM – Nov 30, 2017</a></div><div class="tweet-InformationCircle"><a class="Icon Icon--informationCircleWhite js-inViewportScribingTarget" href="https://support.twitter.com/articles/20175256" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Twitter Ads info and privacy">Twitter Ads info and privacy</a></div></div></div></blockquote></div><div class="CallToAction-icon"><div aria-label="View profile on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--profileCTA" role="img" title="View profile on Twitter"></div></div><div class="CallToAction-text">See Marianna Schaffer’s other Tweets</div><div class="CallToAction-chevron"><div aria-label="View on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--chevronRightCTA" role="img" title="View on Twitter"></div></div></div></div><div class="resize-sensor"><div class="resize-sensor-expand"><div></div></div><div class="resize-sensor-shrink"><div></div></div></div></div><div class="SandboxRoot env-bp-350"><div class="EmbeddedTweet EmbeddedTweet--cta js-clickToOpenTarget" id="twitter-widget-6" lang="en"><div class="EmbeddedTweet-tweetContainer"><div class="EmbeddedTweet-tweet"><blockquote cite="https://twitter.com/NYPD19Pct/status/936365963716517890" class="Tweet h-entry js-tweetIdInfo subject expanded" style="border-color: rgb(60, 162, 162); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; font-style: italic; margin: 1.75em 0.875em 1.75em -1.9em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.75em;"><div class="Tweet-header" style="margin-top: 0px;"><a aria-label="NYPD 19th Precinct (screen name: NYPD19Pct)" class="TweetAuthor-avatar Identity-avatar u-linkBlend" href="https://twitter.com/NYPD19Pct" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="" class="Avatar" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1181234277477945344/hjRoi8-Q_normal.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" /></a><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"></div><div class="TweetAuthor js-inViewportScribingTarget"><div class="TweetAuthor-nameScreenNameContainer"><span class="TweetAuthor-decoratedName">NYPD 19th Precinct</span><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"></div><div aria-label="Verified Account" class="Icon Icon--verified" role="img" title="Verified Account"></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><span class="TweetAuthor-decoratedName"><span class="TweetAuthor-verifiedBadge"><span class="u-hiddenVisually" style="font-weight: 700;"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" draggable="false" role="img" src="https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-smileys/twemoji/2/svg/2714.svg" style="background: none; border: none; box-shadow: none; display: inline; height: 1em; margin: 0px 0.07em; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: -0.1em; width: 1em;" /></span></span></span><span class="TweetAuthor-screenName Identity-screenName" dir="ltr" title="@NYPD19Pct">@NYPD19Pct</span></div></div></div><div class="Tweet-brand"><div aria-label="View on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--twitter" role="presentation" title="View on Twitter"></div></div></div><div class="Tweet-body e-entry-content" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="Tweet-target js-inViewportScribingTarget"></div><div class="Tweet-text e-entry-title" dir="ltr" lang="en" style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Did you feel that?</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">We didn’t but The US Geological Survey reports that a 4.4 magnitude <a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/earthquake?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">earthquake</span></a> has occurred in Dover, Delaware & was reportedly felt by some in the <a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NYC?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">NYC</span></a> area. There are no reports of injuries or damage in <a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NYC?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">NYC</span></a> at this time.<a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/UpperEastSide?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">UpperEastSide</span></a> <a class="PrettyLink hashtag customisable" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/UES?src=hash" rel="tag" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="PrettyLink-prefix">#</span><span class="PrettyLink-value">UES</span></a></div><div class="Tweet-card"><article class="MediaCard customisable-border" dir="ltr"><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"></div><div class="MediaCard-media"><div class="MediaCard-widthConstraint js-cspForcedStyle"><div class="MediaCard-mediaContainer js-cspForcedStyle MediaCard--roundedTop MediaCard--roundedBottom"><a class="MediaCard-mediaAsset NaturalImage" href="https://twitter.com/NYPD19Pct/status/936365963716517890/photo/1" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="View image on Twitter" class="NaturalImage-image" height="397" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DP6j3xoV4AEX0V5?format=jpg&name=small" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" title="View image on Twitter" width="541" /></a></div></div></div></article></div><div class="TweetInfo"><div class="TweetInfo-like"><div><div aria-label="Like" class="Icon Icon--heart" role="img" title="Like"></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a class="TweetInfo-heart" href="https://twitter.com/intent/like?tweet_id=936365963716517890" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Like">15</a></div></div><div class="TweetInfo-timeGeo"><a class="u-linkBlend u-url customisable-highlight long-permalink" href="https://twitter.com/NYPD19Pct/status/936365963716517890" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">3:46 PM – Nov 30, 2017</a></div><div class="tweet-InformationCircle"><a class="Icon Icon--informationCircleWhite js-inViewportScribingTarget" href="https://support.twitter.com/articles/20175256" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Twitter Ads info and privacy">Twitter Ads info and privacy</a></div></div></div></blockquote></div><div class="CallToAction-icon"><div aria-label="View profile on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--profileCTA" role="img" title="View profile on Twitter"></div></div><div class="CallToAction-text">See NYPD 19th Precinct’s other Tweets</div><div class="CallToAction-chevron"><div aria-label="View on Twitter" class="Icon Icon--chevronRightCTA" role="img" title="View on Twitter"></div></div></div></div><div class="resize-sensor"><div class="resize-sensor-expand"><div></div></div><div class="resize-sensor-shrink"><div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Won-Young Kim is a senior research scientist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, which monitors and records data on earthquakes that occur in the northeast. Kim says it’s not clear who feels smaller earthquakes, as evident by a magnitude 0.8 quake in the city in December of 2004.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">“Hundreds of people called local police, and police called us. Our system was unable to detect that tiny earthquake automatically,” Kim said. “We looked at it, and, indeed, there was a small signal.”</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Kim says some parts of the city will feel magnitude 1 or 2 earthquakes even if the seismic activity does not result in any damage.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">You have to go back to before the 20th Century, however, to find the last significant earthquake that hit the city. According to Lamont-Doherty researchers, magnitude 5.2 earthquakes occurred in 1737 and 1884. In newspaper accounts, New Yorkers described chimneys falling down and feeling the ground shake underneath them.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">“1737 — that was located close to Manhattan,” Kim said. “It was very close to New York City.”</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">According to Kim, the 1884 quake was felt in areas in or close to the city, such as the Rockaways and Sandy Hook, New Jersey. But it was felt even as far away as Virginia and Maine.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">From 1677 to 2007, there were 383 known earthquakes in a 15,000-square-mile area around New York City, researchers at Lamont-Doherty said in a 2008 study.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">A 4.9 located in North Central New Jersey was felt in the city in 1783; a 4 hit Ardsley in 1985; and in 2001, magnitude 2.4 and 2.6 quakes were detected in Manhattan itself for the first time.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">But the 1737 and 1884 quakes remain the only known ones of at least magnitude 5 to hit the city.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Smaller earthquakes are not to be ignored. Lamont-Doherty researchers say frequent small quakes occur in predictable ratios to larger ones and thus can be used — along with the fault lengths, detected tremors and calculations of how stress builds in the crust — to create a rough time scale.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">The takeaway? New York City is due for a significant earthquake.</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Researchers say New York City is susceptible to at least a magnitude 5 earthquake once every 100 years, a 6 about every 670 years, and 7 about every 3,400 years.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">It’s been 134 years since New York was last hit by at least a magnitude 5. When it happens next, researchers say it won’t be much like 1884.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The city’s earthquake hazard is moderate, according to the New York City Area Consortium for Earthquake Loss Mitigation (NYCEM), but experts agree that, due to its higher population and infrastructure, the damage would be significant.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Before 1995, earthquake risks were not taken into consideration for the city’s building code. Thus, Lamont-Doherty says many older buildings, such as unenforced three- to six-story buildings, could suffer major damage or crumble.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The damage an earthquake causes is also dependent on what’s in the ground. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, bedrock is more resistant to earthquakes than sediment.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The upper third of Manhattan has harder soil that is more resistant to shaking. Parts of Midtown are more susceptible, while Downtown Manhattan’s soil is even softer, according to the NYCEM.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Exceptions to Upper Manhattan’s strength? Portions of Harlem and Inwood — both areas consist of a large amount of soft soil. Central Park has the strongest soil in Manhattan, outside of a small segment of Inwood..</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Not all boroughs are created equal. While the Bronx is also made of solid bedrock, the ground in Queens and Brooklyn is softer.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">“If you go to Queens and Brooklyn, you have sediment, so there would be more shaking relative to Manhattan,” Kim said. “So, it’s not easy to say the damage would be the same.”</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">Analysis pins the damage from a magnitude 5 earthquake hitting New York City in the billions, according to Lamont-Doherty.</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">New York City is not a hotbed for seismic activity; it is not close to a tectonic plate, and it is not clear if one of the faults would be the source of a strong quake. But the predicted damage to the city has concerned many experts.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Until that day, earthquakes are isolated events for New Yorkers. Some have felt the ground move, while others have only felt shaking when subway cars travel underground.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">But researchers agree: One day, the ground will wake up in the city that never sleeps, and all New Yorkers will understand what Mineral, Virginia felt when their homes rattled with the earth.</div></div></div></div></div></div></article></div>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-91692098647332089772024-02-25T17:04:00.003-07:002024-02-25T17:04:35.306-07:00The Next Major Quake: The Sixth Seal of NYC: Revelation 6<p> </p><header class="entry-header" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><h1 class="entry-title" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; clear: both; color: #306363; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 47px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; font-size: 24px; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="A recent assessment by the USGS determined that the earthquake hazard along the East Coast may previously have been underestimated. The varying risks around the US can be seen above, with New York City in the mid-range (yellow)" class="blkBorder img-share b-loaded slide" height="275" id="i-20ab149a143e1703" src="https://i0.wp.com/i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2017/09/01/20/43CD4E1B00000578-4845210-image-m-28_1504294429365.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: 457px; max-width: 100%;" width="583" /></a></h1></header><div class="entry-content" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.875em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div class="header reader-header" style="margin-top: 0px;"><h3 class="reader-title" style="clear: both; color: #306363; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 0.875em; margin-top: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">New York is overdue an earthquake from faults under city</a></h3></div><div class="content"><div class="moz-reader-content line-height4"><div class="page" id="readability-page-1"><div class="page" id="top"><div id="page-container"><div id="content"><div id="js-article-text"><h4 style="clear: both; color: #306363; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 0.875em; margin-top: 0.875em;">New York is OVERDUE an earthquake from a ‚brittle grid‘ of faults under the city, expert warns</h4><ul style="list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 1.75em 2em; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-top: 0.4375em;"><strong>New York City last experienced a M5 or higher earthquake in 1884, experts say</strong></li><li style="margin-top: 0.4375em;"><strong>It’s thought that these earthquakes occur on a roughly 150-year periodicity </strong></li><li style="margin-top: 0.4375em;"><strong>Based on this, some say the city could be overdue for the next major quake </strong></li></ul><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">By<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/search.html?s=&authornamef=Cheyenne+Macdonald+For+Dailymail.com" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">Cheyenne Macdonald For Dailymail.com</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Published: 15:50 EDT, 1 September 2017 | Updated: 12:00 EDT, 2 September 2017</div><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">When you think of the impending earthquake risk in the United States, it’s likely California or the Pacific Northwest comes to mind.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">But, experts warn a system of faults making up a ‘brittle grid’ beneath<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/new_york/index.html" rel="noopener" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">New York City</a><a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/new_york/index.html" rel="noopener" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"> </a>could also be loading up for a massive temblor.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The city has been hit by major quakes in the past, along what’s thought to be roughly 150-year intervals, and researchers investigating these faults now say the region could be overdue for the next event.</div><div><div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Experts warn a system of faults making up a ‘brittle grid’ beneath New York City could also be loading up for a massive temblor. The city has been hit by major quakes in the past, along what’s thought to be roughly 150-year intervals. A stock image is pictured</div></div><div id="mol-1e869da0-8f4a-11e7-a331-d91679c59fff"><h3 style="clear: both; color: #306363; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 0.875em; margin-top: 0.875em;">THE ‚CONEY ISLAND EARTHQUAKE‘</h3><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">On August 10, 1884, New York was struck by a magnitude 5.5 earthquake with an epicentre located in Brooklyn.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">While there was little damage and few injuries reported, anecdotal accounts of the event reveal the frightening effects of the quake.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">One newspaper even reported that it caused someone to die from fright.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">According to a New York Times report following the quake, massive buildings, including the Post Office swayed back and forth.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">And, police said they felt the Brooklyn Bridge swaying ‘as if struck by a hurricane,’ according to an adaptation of Kathryn Miles’ book Quakeland: On the Road to America’s Next Devastating Earthquake.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The rumbles were felt across a 70,000-square-mile area, causing broken windows and cracked walls as far as Pennsylvania and Connecticut.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The city hasn’t experienced an earthquake this strong since.</div></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">According to geologist Dr Charles Merguerian, who has walked the entirety of Manhattan to assess its seismicity, there are a slew of faults running through New York, reports author Kathryn Miles in an<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/brace-yourselves-new-yorkers-youre-due-for-a-major-quake" rel="nofollow noopener" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">adaptation</a><a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/brace-yourselves-new-yorkers-youre-due-for-a-major-quake" rel="nofollow noopener" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"> </a>of her new book Quakeland: On the Road to America’s Next Devastating Earthquake.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">One such fault passes through 125th street, otherwise known as the Manhattanville Fault.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">While there have been smaller quakes in New York’s recent past, including a magnitude 2.6 that struck in October 2001, it’s been decades since the last major tremor of M 5 or more.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">And, most worryingly, the expert says there’s no way to predict exactly when a quake will strike.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">‘That’s a question you really can’t answer,’ Merguerian has explained in the past.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">‘All we can do is look at the record, and the record is that there was a relatively large earthquake here in the city in 1737, and in 1884, and that periodicity is about 150 year heat cycle.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">‘So you have 1737, 1884, 20- and, we’re getting there. But statistics can lie.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">‘An earthquake could happen any day, or it couldn’t happen for 100 years, and you just don’t know, there’s no way to predict.’</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Compared the other parts of the United States, the risk of an earthquake in New York may not seem as pressing.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">But, experts explain that a quake could happen anywhere.</div><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">According to geologist Dr Charles Merguerian, there are a slew of faults running through NY. One is the Ramapo Fault</div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">‘All states have some potential for damaging earthquake shaking,’ according to the US Geological Survey.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">‘Hazard is especially high along the west coast but also in the intermountain west, and in parts of the central and eastern US.’</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">A recent assessment by the USGS determined that the earthquake hazard along the East Coast may previously have been underestimated.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">‘The eastern U.S. has the potential for larger and more damaging earthquakes than considered in previous maps and assessments,’ the USGS<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://www2.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/new-insight-on-the-nations-earthquake-hazards/?from=title" rel="nofollow noopener" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">report</a><a href="https://www2.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/new-insight-on-the-nations-earthquake-hazards/?from=title" rel="nofollow noopener" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"> </a>explained.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The experts point to a recent example – the magnitude 5.8 earthquake that hit Virginia in 2011, which was among the largest to occur on the east coast in the last century.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">This event suggests the area could be subjected to even larger earthquakes, even raising the risk for Charleston, SC.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">It also indicates that New York City may be at higher risk than once thought.</div><div><div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">A recent assessment by the USGS determined that the earthquake hazard along the East Coast may previously have been underestimated. The varying risks around the US can be seen above, with New York City in the mid-range (yellow).</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-61710631541177025472024-02-24T18:49:00.001-07:002024-02-24T18:49:25.607-07:00The Trend Leading to the Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12)<p> </p><p><br /></p><header class="entry-header" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><h1 class="entry-title" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; clear: both; color: #306363; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 47px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><img class="wp-image-30306" data-attachment-id="30306" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="img_8583" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=1024" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=300" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg" data-orig-size="1242,840" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=30306" height="396" sizes="(max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=585&h=396" srcset="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=585&h=396 585w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=1170&h=792 1170w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=150&h=101 150w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=300&h=203 300w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=768&h=519 768w, https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/img_8583.jpg?w=1024&h=693 1024w" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="585" /></h1></header><br /><div class="entry-content" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #383838; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 0.875em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">SMALL EARTHQUAKE SHAKES PARTS OF NEW YORK STATE</a></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">HOPKINS</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">January 14, 2020</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">Are we seeing a trend? After two small earthquakes hit upstate New York on January 3 and January 7, </a>a slightly larger one was felt near the New York-Canadian border early Monday morning. And while the quake actually happened in an entirely different country, the effects were felt far south into New York state, and the surrounding region.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The United States Geological Survey says the 3.3 magnitude quake hit several mikes south of the town of Ormstown, Quebec a little after 5:30 A.M. There are some slightly conflicting reports, as the Montreal Gazette reports that the quake was a 3.6 magnitude. Ormstown is located around 20 minutes north of the New York border.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">The Times Union says the quake was felt as far south as the town of Ticonderoga in Essex County, and as far west as the city of Ogdensburg on the New York-Ontario border. The effects were also felt as far north as Montreal.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">No damage was reported.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">Yes, earthquakes do happen in the northeastern U.S</a> and Canada occasionally. In December 2019, a 2.1 tremor was reported near Sodus Point, off the coast of Lake Ontario.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">Some strike even closer to home. In April 2017, a 1.3 tremor occurred around two and half miles west of Pawling. In early 2016, an even smaller quake happened near Port Chester and Greenwich, CT. In the summer of 2019, a quake struck off the New Jersey coast.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;"><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">The most well known fault line near our area is the Ramapo fault line. The 185 mile system of faults runs through parts of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and has been known to spawn usually small earthquakes.</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.875em;">On August 23, 2011, a 5.8 quake, that was centered in Virginia, was felt all the way up the east coast. Several moderate (at least a 5 on the richter scale) <a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #287575; text-decoration-line: none;">quakes have occurred near New York City in 1737, 1783 and 1884.</a></div>Listen to Middays With Hopkins weekdays from 10AM to 2PM on 101.5 WPDH. Stream us live through the website, Alexa-enabled device, Google Home or the WPDH mobile app.</div>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-42868169230440689242024-02-23T19:09:00.002-07:002024-02-23T19:09:34.384-07:00The History Of New York Earthquakes: Before The Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12)<p> </p><br /><strong><img class="size-full wp-image-19756" data-attachment-id="19756" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="image-2946" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/image-2946.jpg?w=1100?w=646" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/image-2946.jpg?w=1100?w=300" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/image-2946.jpg?w=1100" data-orig-size="646,531" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=19756" height="526" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/image-2946.jpg?w=1100" width="640" /></strong><br /><strong><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">Historic Earthquakes</a></strong><br /><strong><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">Near New York City, New York</a></strong><br /><strong>1884 08 10 19:07 UTC</strong><br /><strong>Magnitude 5.5</strong><b>The History Of New York Earthquakes: Before The Sixth Seal (Rev 6:12)</b><br /><strong>Intensity VII</strong><br />USGS.gov<br /><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">This severe earthquake affected an area roughly extending along the Atlantic Coast from southern Maine to central Virginia and westward to Cleveland, Ohio.</a> Chimneys were knocked down and walls were cracked in several States, including Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. Many towns from Hartford, Connecticut, to West Chester,Pennsylvania.<br /><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">Property damage was severe at Amityville and Jamaica, New York, where several chimneys were “overturned” and large cracks formed in walls.</a> Two chimneys were thrown down and bricks were shaken from other chimneys at Stratford (Fairfield County), Conn.; water in the Housatonic River was agitated violently. At Bloomfield, N.J., and Chester, Pa., several chimneys were downed and crockery was broken. Chimneys also were damaged at Mount Vernon, N.Y., and Allentown, Easton, and Philadelphia, Pa. Three shocks occurred, the second of which was most violent. <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/">This earthquake also was reported felt in Vermont, Virginia, and Washington, D.C.</a> Several slight aftershocks were reported on August 11.<br /><strong>Teilen mit:</strong><br /><a href="https://theprophecy.blog/2018/03/10/the-history-of-new-york-earthquakes-before-the-sixth-seal-rev-612-28/?share=twitter&nb=1">Twitter</a><a href="https://theprophecy.blog/2018/03/10/the-history-of-new-york-earthquakes-before-the-sixth-seal-rev-612-28/?share=facebook&nb=1">Facebook</a>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-42985905587228152772024-02-22T18:54:00.003-07:002024-02-22T18:54:09.694-07:00The Sixth Seal by Nostradamus (Revelation 6:12)<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjubXKWj8cOrFwLBBjYQAxv5msB8qii_uXaAN8DkotixC8mU38KoWqDIABk8wDIo5oWBujQoNHGDlbpTVJWH5_w6hIwSLIZAqzmamWb1zACfGqRyTlBvTdjmiKHiUKId7rHelQ4w1AP8FLCTZKfEeNuBwvYDgxIB1Pu2dxfIPAB_UEV0jctvBUFFxDM" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="334" data-original-width="500" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjubXKWj8cOrFwLBBjYQAxv5msB8qii_uXaAN8DkotixC8mU38KoWqDIABk8wDIo5oWBujQoNHGDlbpTVJWH5_w6hIwSLIZAqzmamWb1zACfGqRyTlBvTdjmiKHiUKId7rHelQ4w1AP8FLCTZKfEeNuBwvYDgxIB1Pu2dxfIPAB_UEV0jctvBUFFxDM=w546-h338" width="546" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;"><strong style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; outline: transparent solid 0px;">The Sixth Seal by Nostradamus</strong></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;"><a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">To Andrew the Prophet</a><br style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; outline: transparent solid 0px;" />Completed February 5, 2008</div><div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_306" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; cursor: none; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; outline: transparent solid 0px; padding: 0px 10px 10px 0px;"><div class="wp-caption-text" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;">Nostradamus and the New City</div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;">Les Propheties<br style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; outline: transparent solid 0px;" />(Century 1 Quatrain 27)</div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;">Michel de Nostredame Earth-shaking fire from the center of the earth.Will cause the towers around the <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">New City</a> to shake,Two great rocks for a long time will make war, And then Arethusa will color a new river red.(And then areth USA will color a new river red.) Earth-shaking fire from the center of the earth.Will cause the towers around the <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">New City</a> to shake,Two great rocks for a long time will make war</div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;">There is recent scientific evidence from drill core sampling in <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Manhattan</a>, that the southern peninsula is overlapped by several <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">tectonic plates</a>. Drill core sampling has been taken from regions south of Canal Street including the Trade Towers’ site. Of particular concern is that similar core samples have been found across the East River in Brooklyn. There are also multiple <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">fault lines along Manhattan</a> correlating with north-northwest and northwest trending<a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"> neo-tectonic activity.</a> And as recently as January and October of 2001, <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">New York City has sustained earthquakes along these plates. </a>For there are “two great rocks” or tectonic plates that shear across Manhattan in a northwestern pattern. And these plates “for a longtime will make war”, for they have been shearing against one other for millions of years. And on January 3 of 2010, when they makewar with each other one last time, the sixth seal shall be opened, and all will know that the end is near.</div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;"><strong style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; outline: transparent solid 0px;">And then Arethusa will color a new river red.</strong></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;">Arethusa is a Greek mythological figure, a beautiful huntress and afollower of the goddess Artemis. And like Artemis, Arethusa would have nothing to do with me; rather she loved to run and hunt in the forest. But one day after an exhausting hunt, she came to a clear crystal stream and went in it to take a swim. She felt something from beneath her, and frightened she scampered out of the water. A voice came from the water, “Why are you leaving fair maiden?” She ran into the forest to escape, for the voice was from Alpheus, the god of the river. For he had fallen in love with her and became a human to give chase after her. Arethusa in exhaustion called out to Artemis for help, and the goddess hid her by changing her into a spring.But not into an ordinary spring, but an underground channel that traveled under the ocean from Greece to Sicily. But Alpheus being the god of the river, converted back into water and plunged downthe same channel after Arethusa. And thus Arethusa was captured by Artemis, and their waters would mingle together forever. And of great concern is that core samples found in train tunnels beneath the Hudson River are identical to those taken from <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">southern Manhattan</a>. Furthermore, several fault lines from the 2001 earthquakes were discovered in the Queen’s Tunnel Complex, <a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">NYC Water Tunnel #3</a>. And a few years ago, a map of<a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"> Manhattan</a> drawn up in 1874 was discovered, showing a maze of underground waterways and lakes. For Manhattan was once a marshland and labyrinth of underground streams. Thus when the sixth seal is broken, the<a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"> subways of the New City </a>shall be flooded be Arethusa:the waters from the underground streams and the waters from the sea. And Arethusa shall be broken into two. And then Arethusa will color a new river red.</div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;"><strong style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; outline: transparent solid 0px;">And then areth USA will color a new river red.</strong></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: OpenSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: transparent solid 0px;">For Arethusa broken into two is areth USA. For areth (αρετη) is the Greek word for values. But the values of the USA are not based on morality, but on materialism and on wealth. Thus when the sixth seal is opened, Wall Street and our economy shall crash and “arethUSA”, the values of our economy shall fall “into the red.” “Then the kings of the earth and the great men and the commanders and the rich and the strong and every slave and free man hid themselves in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains; and they said to the mountains and to the rocks, ‘Fall on us and hide us from the presence of Him who sits on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb; for the great day of their wrath has come, and who is able to stand?’” (<a href="http://www.andrewtheprophet.com/" style="-webkit-touch-callout: none; color: #0087be; outline: transparent solid 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Revelation 6:15-17</a>)</div>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6718942334176159340.post-63481556231068952972024-02-21T21:13:00.000-07:002024-02-21T21:13:21.564-07:00A Lack Of Vigilance Before The Sixth Seal (Revelation 6:12)<p> <b><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/"><img class="size-full wp-image-18958" data-attachment-id="18958" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="image-2728" data-large-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/image-2728.jpg?w=1100?w=1024" data-medium-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/image-2728.jpg?w=1100?w=300" data-orig-file="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/image-2728.jpg?w=1100" data-orig-size="1542,1200" data-permalink="https://andrewtheprophetcom.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=18958" height="498" src="https://andrewtheprophetcom.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/image-2728.jpg?w=1100" width="640" /></a><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">Faults Underlying Exercise Vigilant Guard</a></b></p><p><b>Story by: (Author NameStaff Sgt. Raymond Drumsta</b> – 138th Public Affairs Detachment<br />Dated: Thu, Nov 5, 2009<br /><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">This map illustrates the earthquake fault lines in Western New York.</a> An earthquake in the region is a likely event, says University of Buffalo Professor Dr. Robert Jacobi.<br />TONAWANDA, NY —<a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/"> An earthquake in western New York, the scenario that Exercise Vigilant Guard is built around, is not that far-fetched, according to University of Buffalo geology professor Dr. Robert Jacobi.</a><br />When asked about earthquakes in the area, Jacobi pulls out a computer-generated state map, cross-hatched with diagonal lines representing geological faults.<br />The faults show that past earthquakes in the state were not random, and could occur again on the same fault systems, he said.<br /><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">“In western New York, 6.5 magnitude earthquakes are possible,” he said.</a><br />This possibility underlies Exercise Vigilant Guard, a joint training opportunity for National Guard and emergency response organizations to build relationships with local, state, regional and federal partners against a variety of <a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">different homeland security threats including natural disasters and potential terrorist attacks.</a><br />The exercise was based on an earthquake scenario, and a rubble pile at the Spaulding Fibre site here was used to simulate a collapsed building. The scenario was chosen as a result of extensive consultations with the earthquake experts at the University of Buffalo’s Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER), said Brig. Gen. Mike Swezey, commander of 53rd Troop Command, who visited the site on Monday.<br />Earthquakes of up to 7 magnitude have occurred in the Northeastern part of the continent, and this scenario was calibrated on the magnitude 5.9 earthquake which occurred in Saguenay, Quebec in 1988, said Jacobi and Professor Andre Filiatrault, MCEER director.<br />“A 5.9 magnitude earthquake in this area is not an unrealistic scenario,” said Filiatrault.<br />Closer to home, a 1.9 magnitude earthquake occurred about 2.5 miles from the Spaulding Fibre site within the last decade, Jacobi said. He and other earthquake experts impaneled by the Atomic Energy Control Board of Canada in 1997 found that there’s a 40 percent chance of 6.5 magnitude earthquake occurring along the Clareden-Linden fault system, which lies about halfway between Buffalo and Rochester, Jacobi added.<br /><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">Jacobi and Filiatrault said the soft soil of western New York, especially in part of downtown Buffalo, would amplify tremors, causing more damage.</a><br />“It’s like jello in a bowl,” said Jacobi.<br />The area’s old infrastructure is vulnerable because it was built without reinforcing steel, said Filiatrault. Damage to industrial areas could release hazardous materials, he added.<br /><a href="http://andrewtheprophet.com/">“You’ll have significant damage,” Filiatrault said.</a><br />Exercise Vigilant Guard involved an earthquake’s aftermath, including infrastructure damage, injuries, deaths, displaced citizens and hazardous material incidents. All this week, more than 1,300 National Guard troops and hundreds of local and regional emergency response professionals have been training at several sites in western New York to respond these types of incidents.<br />Jacobi called Exercise Vigilant Guard “important and illuminating.”<br />“I’m proud of the National Guard for organizing and carrying out such an excellent exercise,” he said.<br />Training concluded Thursday.</p>Andrew the Prophethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08364335618345680356noreply@blogger.com0